What are the Addictive Disorders?
Addictive disorders, also known as substance use disorders or addiction, are a group of conditions characterized by compulsive and problematic patterns of substance use or behaviors despite negative consequences. These disorders can involve various substances or activities and can have a significant impact on an individual’s physical health, mental well-being, relationships, and overall functioning.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provides criteria for diagnosing substance use disorders. The DSM-5 recognizes 11 different classes of substances that can lead to addictive disorders. Some of the most common substances associated with addictive disorders include:
Alcohol: Alcohol use disorder refers to a problematic pattern of alcohol consumption leading to significant impairment or distress.
Cannabis: Cannabis use disorder involves problematic use of marijuana or other forms of cannabis.
Stimulants: Stimulant use disorder includes substances such as cocaine, methamphetamine, or prescription stimulants like Adderall or Ritalin.
Opioids: Opioid use disorder involves the misuse of opioids, including prescription painkillers like oxycodone or illegal substances like heroin.
Sedatives, hypnotics, or anxiolytics: This category includes substances such as benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax, Valium) and barbiturates.
Hallucinogens: This category includes substances like LSD, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), and MDMA (ecstasy or molly).
Inhalants: Inhalant use disorder refers to the misuse of volatile substances such as solvents, aerosols, or gases.
Tobacco: Tobacco use disorder encompasses nicotine dependence and addiction to cigarettes, cigars, or other tobacco products.
Gambling disorder: This disorder involves persistent and problematic gambling behavior that leads to significant distress or impairment.
Internet Gaming Disorder: This condition is characterized by excessive and compulsive gaming behavior that disrupts an individual’s daily life and well-being.
Other addictive behaviors: These can include behaviors like compulsive gambling, compulsive shopping, compulsive sexual behavior, or compulsive internet use.
It’s important to note that addiction is a complex condition influenced by various genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment for addictive disorders often involves a combination of approaches, including therapy, support groups, medication, and lifestyle changes, tailored to the specific substance or behavior involved.
Shervan K Shahhian
LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 