Author Archives: Shervan K Shahhian, LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Most Comprehensive Online Library Regarding Mental Health, Psychology and Parapsychology in the World.

Tunnel Vision, How do people process stress under pressure:

Stress under pressure can affect people in various ways, and how individuals process stress in high-pressure situations can vary greatly. “Tunnel vision” is a term often used to describe a cognitive phenomenon where individuals become narrowly focused on a specific task or goal while neglecting peripheral information or considerations. This can happen when people are under significant stress or pressure.

Here are some ways people may process stress under pressure:

1. Fight or Flight Response: When confronted with a stressful or high-pressure situation, the body’s “fight or flight” response is activated. This physiological reaction prepares the body to respond to the perceived threat by releasing stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. This can lead to increased focus and alertness, but it may also result in tunnel vision as the brain prioritizes the most immediate threats.
2. Narrowed Attention: Stress and pressure can cause people to focus intensely on the most critical aspects of a situation while filtering out distractions. This narrowed attention can help in completing urgent tasks but may also lead to missing important details.
3. Reduced Cognitive Flexibility: Under pressure, individuals may become less flexible in their thinking and problem-solving. They may stick to well-practiced routines and strategies rather than exploring new approaches, which can be both an advantage and a limitation.
4. Performance Variation: Stress can impact individuals differently. Some people might perform exceptionally well under pressure, while others may experience performance deterioration. Factors such as experience, personality, and how an individual perceives and copes with stress can influence their performance.
5. Emotional Regulation: People may experience a range of emotions under stress, including anxiety, frustration, and even panic. Effective emotional regulation techniques can help individuals manage their stress and maintain focus and composure.
6. Task Prioritization: Under pressure, individuals may naturally prioritize tasks based on perceived urgency. This can be an adaptive response, but it can also lead to neglecting less urgent but equally important tasks.
7. Training and Experience: Training and experience can play a significant role in how individuals process stress under pressure. Those who have been exposed to high-pressure situations and have received relevant training are often better equipped to handle stress and maintain focus.
8. Preparation and Mental Resilience: People who have developed mental resilience and stress management techniques are generally more capable of processing stress under pressure. Techniques such as deep breathing, mindfulness, and positive self-talk can be beneficial.

It’s essential to note that the term “tunnel vision” is often used in a negative context because it can lead to overlooking critical information or making impulsive decisions. However, in some situations, a narrow focus and heightened attention can be an advantage, enabling individuals to complete tasks more efficiently.

Ultimately, how an individual processes stress under pressure depends on their unique personality, coping mechanisms, prior experiences, and the specific demands of the situation. Learning to manage stress effectively and maintain focus under pressure is a valuable skill that can be developed through training and practice.

Shervan K Shahhian

Tunnel Vision due to Anxiety and Stress:

Tunnel vision is a term often used to describe a perceptual phenomenon where an individual’s field of vision narrows, making them focus intensely on a single point or a limited area, while ignoring the surrounding environment. It can be related to anxiety and stress, among other factors. Here’s how anxiety and stress can contribute to tunnel vision:

1. Fight-or-Flight Response: When you experience anxiety or stress, your body’s fight-or-flight response is activated. This physiological reaction is designed to prepare your body to respond to a perceived threat. As part of this response, your body redirects blood flow to essential organs and muscles, including the heart and skeletal muscles, in preparation for a potential threat. This can lead to a narrowing of peripheral vision as your body prioritizes resources for immediate survival.
2. Hyper-Focus: Anxiety and stress can lead to heightened alertness and hyper-vigilance, causing you to become overly focused on a perceived threat or source of stress. This intense concentration can make you feel like you have tunnel vision because you are fixated on a specific concern or problem while neglecting peripheral information.
3. Cognitive Overload: When you are overwhelmed by stress or anxiety, your cognitive resources may become strained, leading to difficulties in processing and integrating information from your surroundings. This can result in a narrowed perception of your environment.
4. Emotional Impact: Anxiety and stress can also have emotional effects that contribute to tunnel vision. For example, intense fear or worry can make you feel as though your attention is constricted to the source of your distress, causing you to neglect other stimuli.

It’s important to note that tunnel vision due to anxiety or stress is a temporary and adaptive response to perceived threats or stressors. However, prolonged or chronic stress and anxiety can have negative effects on your overall well-being, so it’s essential to manage and address these issues effectively. Techniques such as relaxation, deep breathing, mindfulness, and seeking professional help, such as therapy or counseling, can be helpful in reducing the impact of anxiety and stress on your perception and overall mental health.

Shervan K Shahhian

Understanding Cognitive Biases:

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, often leading to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality. These biases can affect our thinking, decision-making, and behavior in various ways. They can sometimes lead us to make errors in judgment or to perceive information and situations inaccurately. Here are some common cognitive biases and a brief explanation of each:

1. Confirmation Bias: This bias involves seeking out, interpreting, and remembering information that confirms our existing beliefs or opinions while ignoring or discounting information that contradicts them.
2. Availability Heuristic: This bias occurs when we give greater weight to information that is readily available in our memory or easily recalled, even if it’s not necessarily the most relevant or accurate data.
3. Anchoring Bias: This bias happens when we rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions, and subsequent information is interpreted in relation to that initial “anchor.”
4. Overconfidence Bias: This bias leads people to overestimate their own abilities, knowledge, or the accuracy of their judgments and predictions. It can result in unwarranted confidence in one’s decisions.
5. Hindsight Bias: After an event has occurred, people tend to believe that they predicted or expected it, leading to a distorted sense of foreseeing the outcome.
6. Sunk Cost Fallacy: This bias involves continuing to invest time, money, or effort into a decision or project simply because we’ve already committed resources, even when it’s clear that the returns will not justify further investment.
7. Loss Aversion: People tend to weigh potential losses more heavily than equivalent gains, which can lead to risk aversion and poor decision-making in situations involving potential gains.
8. Status Quo Bias: This bias leads individuals to prefer the current state of affairs and resist change, even when change may be beneficial or necessary.
9. Framing Effect: The way information is presented or framed can influence our decisions. People may react differently to the same information when it’s presented as a gain or a loss, for example.
10. Anchoring Bias: This bias occurs when individuals rely too heavily on the first piece of information they encounter when making decisions and fail to sufficiently adjust from that initial anchor.
11. Self-Serving Bias: This bias involves attributing positive events to our own character or actions while attributing negative events to external factors. It allows us to take credit for success and avoid blame for failure.
12. Groupthink: In group situations, individuals may conform to the opinions or decisions of the group to maintain harmony and avoid conflict, even if they have doubts about the group’s choices.

Understanding cognitive biases is essential for critical thinking and decision-making. Recognizing these biases in yourself and others can help you make more informed, rational choices and reduce the impact of these cognitive pitfalls on your thinking and behavior. It’s also important to be open to different perspectives and engage in reflective thinking to counteract the effects of these biases.

Shervan K Shahhian

(988), The Mental Health Crisis Line:

The Specific mental health crisis hotline number “988.”

In the United States, there is a national mental health crisis hotline which can be reached by dialing 988, and also the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline/hotline that can be reached at 1–800–273–8255. You can call this number if you or someone you know is experiencing a mental health crisis or is in distress.

Please note that services and phone numbers may change, so it’s a good idea to verify the current number for any mental health crisis line in your area. In 2020, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced plans to establish “988” as a new, nationwide three-digit number for a mental health crisis and suicide prevention hotline. This was intended to make it easier for people to access help during a mental health crisis. It’s possible that “988” has been established as the new number.

So I recommend checking the latest information for the most accurate and up-to-date contact details.

Shervan K Shahhian

The Importance of De-Escalating Emotional Situations:

De-escalating emotional situations is crucial for various reasons, as it can have a significant impact on personal relationships, conflict resolution, and overall well-being. Here are some key reasons why de-escalation is important:

1. Conflict Resolution: Emotional conflicts can quickly escalate, leading to misunderstandings, hurt feelings, and damaged relationships. De-escalation techniques help prevent conflicts from intensifying, making it easier to find mutually acceptable solutions and resolve disputes more effectively.
2. Improved Communication: High emotions can impair effective communication. When people are upset, they may struggle to express themselves clearly or listen to others. De-escalation allows individuals to regain composure and engage in more productive and respectful conversations.
3. Relationship Preservation: In personal and professional relationships, conflicts are inevitable. De-escalation helps maintain and strengthen these connections by preventing emotional outbursts that can lead to irreparable damage.
4. Emotional Regulation: Learning to de-escalate emotional situations promotes emotional intelligence and self-regulation. It helps individuals become more aware of their emotions and develop strategies for managing them constructively.
5. Stress Reduction: High-stress situations can take a toll on mental and physical health. De-escalation techniques can reduce stress levels and prevent the negative health consequences associated with chronic stress.
6. Personal Safety: In some cases, emotional situations can become dangerous or lead to physical altercations. De-escalation skills can prevent situations from escalating to the point of physical violence, ensuring personal safety.
7. Empathy and Understanding: De-escalation encourages individuals to empathize with others’ feelings and perspectives. It fosters a more compassionate and understanding approach to conflict, which can lead to more peaceful and harmonious interactions.
8. Professional Success: De-escalation skills are valuable in the workplace. They can lead to better teamwork, customer service, and conflict management, ultimately enhancing one’s professional success.
9. Community Harmony: On a larger scale, de-escalation can contribute to community harmony by reducing tensions and promoting cooperation among diverse groups of people.
10. Legal and Ethical Considerations: In some situations, failing to de-escalate conflicts or emotional situations can have legal and ethical ramifications, such as in law enforcement, where the use of excessive force is a concern.

Overall, the importance of de-escalating emotional situations lies in its ability to foster healthier relationships, effective communication, emotional intelligence, and personal well-being. By employing de-escalation techniques, individuals can navigate conflicts and emotional challenges with greater success and less negative impact.

Shervan K Shahhian

The Techniques of De-Escalating Conflicts:

De-escalating conflicts is a crucial skill in personal and professional settings to prevent the situation from escalating into something more serious. Here are some techniques and strategies to de-escalate conflicts effectively:

1. Active Listening:
   • Pay close attention to what the other person is saying.
   • Show empathy and understanding by nodding, making eye contact, and using verbal affirmations like “I understand” or “I see your point.”
2. Stay Calm:
   • Maintain your composure and emotional control. Your calm demeanor can influence the other person to calm down as well.
3. Use “I” Statements:
   • Express your thoughts and feelings using “I” statements to avoid blaming the other person. For example, say, “I feel upset when…” instead of “You always…”
4. Avoid Defensiveness:
   • Refrain from becoming defensive or confrontational. Defensiveness can escalate conflicts.
5. Find Common Ground:
   • Identify shared goals or interests and highlight areas of agreement. Focusing on commonalities can help build rapport.
6. Take a Time-Out:
   • If the situation becomes too heated, suggest taking a break to cool down and reflect. This can prevent rash actions or words.
7. Respect Boundaries:
   • Be respectful of personal space and emotional boundaries. Give the other person space if needed.
8. Offer Solutions:
   • Propose potential solutions to the conflict, and be open to compromise. Finding mutually acceptable resolutions can de-escalate the situation.
9. Apologize if Necessary:
   • If you contributed to the conflict, take responsibility and apologize. A sincere apology can defuse tensions.
10. Use De-escalation Language:
    • Choose words and phrases that are non-confrontational and non-inflammatory. Avoid provocative language.
11. Seek Mediation:
    • If the conflict persists, consider involving a neutral third party, such as a mediator or a supervisor, to help facilitate resolution.
12. Maintain Safety:
    • If the situation involves physical violence or poses a danger, prioritize safety. Seek help from authorities or professionals when necessary.
13. Practice Self-Regulation:
    • Develop emotional intelligence and self-regulation skills to manage your own emotions during conflicts.
14. Understand Triggers:
    • Be aware of your and the other person’s triggers that can escalate conflicts. Avoid pressing these buttons.
15. Reflect and Learn:
    • After the conflict is resolved, take time to reflect on what caused it and how it was de-escalated. Use this knowledge to prevent future conflicts.

Remember that de-escalation techniques may vary depending on the nature of the conflict and the individuals involved. Effective de-escalation requires patience, empathy, and a commitment to finding peaceful resolutions.

Shervan K Shahhian

De-Escalating to Defuse Conflicts:

De-escalation is a communication and conflict resolution strategy aimed at reducing tension, aggression, or hostility in a given situation. It’s a valuable approach for defusing conflicts and promoting a more peaceful resolution. Here are some key principles and techniques for de-escalating conflicts:

1. Stay Calm: Maintain your own emotional composure. Your calm demeanor can have a calming effect on others involved in the conflict.
2. Active Listening: Pay close attention to what the other person is saying. Show that you are interested in their perspective and feelings. Use verbal and non-verbal cues to indicate your attentiveness.
3. Empathize: Try to understand the other person’s point of view and emotions. Show empathy and acknowledge their feelings, even if you don’t agree with their position.
4. Use “I” Statements: Express your concerns or feelings using “I” statements, which focus on your emotions and needs. For example, say, “I feel frustrated when…” instead of “You always make me angry.”
5. Avoid Blame: Refrain from placing blame or making accusations. Blame can escalate conflicts further. Instead, focus on the issue at hand and how to resolve it.
6. Give Space: If the situation allows, give the other person some space to cool down and collect their thoughts. This can be particularly effective in heated arguments.
7. Validate Feelings: Acknowledge the other person’s emotions, even if you don’t agree with their perspective. Validating their feelings can help them feel heard and respected.
8. Maintain Respect: Treat the other person with respect and dignity, even when you disagree. Avoid personal attacks and insults.
9. Use a Soft Tone: Your tone of voice can make a significant difference. Speak in a calm, non-confrontational manner.
10. Find Common Ground: Look for areas of agreement or shared interests that can serve as a foundation for resolving the conflict.
11. Offer Solutions: Once tensions have decreased, work together to find practical solutions to the issues at hand. Be open to compromise and negotiation.
12. Set Boundaries: If the conflict involves inappropriate behavior or verbal abuse, assert your boundaries and communicate the consequences of crossing them.
13. Seek Mediation: If de-escalation efforts fail, consider involving a neutral third party, such as a mediator or arbitrator, to help facilitate the resolution.

Remember that de-escalation may not always work in every situation, and safety should be a top priority. In some cases, involving law enforcement or other authorities may be necessary. The key is to approach conflict with the intention of minimizing harm, promoting understanding, and seeking peaceful solutions.

Shervan K Shahhian

De-Escalation techniques to prevent violence and aggression:

De-escalation techniques are crucial in preventing violence and aggression in various settings, such as healthcare, law enforcement, security, customer service, and personal conflicts. These techniques aim to defuse tense situations and minimize the risk of physical harm. Here are some de-escalation strategies and principles to help prevent violence and aggression:

1. Maintain Calm and Composure:
   • Stay calm and composed yourself, as your demeanor can influence the other person’s behavior.
   • Speak in a steady, even tone and use non-threatening body language.
2. Active Listening:
   • Listen attentively to the person’s concerns and feelings. Make them feel heard and understood.
   • Ask open-ended questions to encourage them to share more about their perspective.
3. Empathy and Validation:
   • Show empathy and acknowledge the person’s emotions, even if you don’t agree with their point of view.
   • Use phrases like, “I understand how you might be feeling,” or “I can see why this situation is frustrating for you.”
4. Maintain Personal Space:
   • Maintain a comfortable personal space to avoid invading the other person’s personal boundaries.
   • Keep a safe distance, and be aware of potential physical threats.
5. Avoid Confrontation:
   • Avoid using aggressive language, threats, or insults that can escalate the situation.
   • Use “I” statements to express your concerns and feelings without blaming or accusing the other person.
6. Set Clear Boundaries:
   • Politely and firmly establish boundaries by explaining what behavior is acceptable and what is not.
   • Be consistent and enforce consequences if necessary.
7. Offer Choices:
   • Give the person options whenever possible to regain a sense of control and reduce frustration.
   • For example, you can say, “You can choose to do X or Y to resolve this situation.”
8. Use Non-Verbal Communication:
   • Pay attention to your body language, gestures, and facial expressions. Maintain open and non-threatening postures.
   • Use non-verbal cues to convey understanding and empathy.
9. Call for Backup:
   • If you feel unsafe or unable to de-escalate the situation on your own, request assistance from colleagues or security personnel.
10. Safety First:
    • Prioritize safety above all else. If the situation becomes physically violent, focus on getting yourself and others to a safe location and call for professional help if needed.
11. Cultural Sensitivity:
    • Be aware of cultural differences and sensitivities that may impact the de-escalation process.
    • Show respect for cultural norms and values.
12. Training and Practice:
    • Regularly train and practice de-escalation techniques to improve your skills.
    • Role-play scenarios to better prepare for real-life situations.

It’s important to note that de-escalation techniques may not always work, and there are situations where professional intervention and safety measures are necessary. When dealing with potentially dangerous individuals, it’s essential to prioritize safety and seek assistance from law enforcement or security personnel when needed.

Shervan K Shahhian

A list of De-Escalation techniques:

De-escalation techniques are methods used to defuse and reduce tension in high-stress situations. These techniques are often employed in conflict resolution, crisis intervention, and communication. Here’s a list of de-escalation techniques:

1. Active Listening: Pay close attention to the person’s words and emotions, showing that you are genuinely interested in their perspective.
2. Maintain Calmness: Stay calm and composed, as your demeanor can influence the other person’s emotions.
3. Empathy: Try to understand and acknowledge the other person’s feelings and point of view, even if you don’t agree with them.
4. Use Non-Threatening Body Language: Maintain an open and non-threatening posture, make appropriate eye contact, and avoid crossing your arms.
5. Clarify and Paraphrase: Repeat back what the person has said to ensure you’ve understood their message correctly.
6. Reflect Feelings: Acknowledge the person’s emotions and validate their right to feel that way without necessarily agreeing with their perspective.
7. Offer Choices: Provide options or alternatives to help the person feel more in control of the situation.
8. Set Boundaries: Clearly communicate the limits of acceptable behavior and the consequences of crossing those boundaries.
9. Lower Your Voice: Speaking softly and calmly can encourage the other person to do the same.
10. Maintain Personal Space: Respect the person’s personal space, and encourage them to do the same to prevent them from feeling threatened.
11. Avoid Confrontation: Avoid arguing, blaming, or escalating the situation by maintaining a non-confrontational approach.
12. Problem-Solve Together: Collaborate with the person to find a mutually acceptable solution to the underlying issues.
13. Redirect the Conversation: Gently shift the conversation to a less emotional or more neutral topic to break the tension.
14. Use Time and Distance: If appropriate, suggest taking a break or stepping away from the situation to cool off.
15. Offer Support: Ask if the person needs any assistance or support to address their concerns or distress.
16. Be Patient: De-escalation may take time, so be patient and persistent in your efforts to calm the situation.
17. Avoid Judgment: Refrain from making judgments about the person or their actions, as this can exacerbate the situation.
18. Use Verbal De-escalation Phrases: Employ de-escalation phrases, such as “I understand,” “I’m here to help,” or “Let’s figure this out together.”
19. Crisis Hotlines: If the situation is beyond your control, consider referring the person to a crisis hotline or professional help.
20. Safety First: Prioritize safety for yourself and others. If a situation becomes physically dangerous, call for help or contact the appropriate authorities.

These techniques should be applied with discretion and tailored to the specific situation and the individuals involved. Training in de-escalation techniques can be beneficial for individuals working in professions that frequently encounter high-stress situations, such as law enforcement, healthcare, social work, and customer service.

Shervan K Shahhian

Crisis prevention is crucial for a variety of reasons, and it plays a vital role in ensuring the stability and well-being of individuals, organizations, and societies as a whole. Here are some key reasons highlighting the importance of crisis prevention:

1. Human Safety: Crisis prevention can save lives. Many crises, such as natural disasters, pandemics, and industrial accidents, can result in significant harm to people. Taking proactive measures to prevent these crises or mitigate their impact can protect human lives and well-being.
2. Economic Stability: Crises can have severe economic consequences, leading to job losses, business closures, and financial instability. Preventing crises helps maintain economic stability and growth, which is essential for the well-being of individuals and communities.
3. Social and Political Stability: Crises can lead to social unrest and political instability, disrupting the functioning of societies. By preventing crises, we can promote social cohesion and maintain the stability of governments and institutions.
4. Resource Conservation: Crisis prevention helps conserve valuable resources. For example, preventing environmental crises like deforestation or overfishing can protect ecosystems and ensure the sustainability of resources for future generations.
5. Reduced Costs: It is often more cost-effective to prevent a crisis than to respond to one. Crisis response can be expensive in terms of financial resources, manpower, and infrastructure repair. Preventing crises can lead to substantial cost savings.
6. Reputation Management: Organizations and governments that effectively prevent crises can build a positive reputation for being proactive, responsible, and trustworthy. This can enhance trust among stakeholders and the public.
7. Long-term Planning: Crisis prevention encourages long-term thinking and planning. It necessitates risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate potential threats, promoting resilience and adaptability.
8. Improved Quality of Life: By preventing crises related to public health, safety, and the environment, we can enhance the overall quality of life for individuals and communities. This includes access to clean air and water, safe living conditions, and health services.
9. National Security: Many crises have national security implications, such as cyberattacks, terrorism, and geopolitical conflicts. Effective crisis prevention measures can help safeguard a nation’s security and protect against threats.
10. Psychological Well-being: The fear and stress associated with living in a state of constant crisis can have a detrimental impact on individuals’ mental health. Crisis prevention can contribute to the psychological well-being of communities and individuals.

In summary, crisis prevention is essential for safeguarding human lives, promoting economic and social stability, conserving resources, reducing costs, and improving the overall quality of life. It encourages responsible and forward-thinking approaches to addressing potential threats and challenges, both at the individual and societal levels.

Shervan K Shahhian