Author Archives: Shervan K Shahhian, LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Most Comprehensive Online Library Regarding Mental Health, Psychology and Parapsychology in the World.

Potential Psychological side effects of Weight loss medications:

Weight loss medications can have various psychological side effects, although it’s important to note that not everyone will experience these effects, and the severity can vary from person to person. Some potential psychological side effects of weight loss medications include:

Anxiety: Some weight loss medications can lead to increased anxiety or exacerbate existing anxiety disorders. This may manifest as restlessness, nervousness, or excessive worry.

Irritability: People taking weight loss medications may experience mood swings, including irritability or a short temper.

Depression: Some individuals may experience symptoms of depression while on weight loss medications. This could include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, or changes in sleep patterns.

Mood Changes: Weight loss medications may cause fluctuations in mood, leading to periods of elation followed by periods of low mood.

Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep (insomnia) is a common side effect of some weight loss medications. This can contribute to mood disturbances and increased irritability.

Nervousness: A heightened sense of nervousness or “jitters” is a potential side effect of certain weight loss drugs, especially those that contain stimulants.

Psychosis: In rare cases, some weight loss medications have been associated with the development of psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions.

Suicidal Thoughts: In rare instances, weight loss medications have been linked to suicidal thoughts or behaviors. This is more common in individuals with a history of depression or other mental health conditions.

Cognitive Impairment: Some people may experience difficulty concentrating or memory problems while taking weight loss medications.

It’s essential for individuals considering weight loss medications to consult with a healthcare professional who can evaluate their specific situation and medical history to determine the most appropriate treatment. Additionally, close monitoring and communication with a healthcare provider while taking these medications are crucial to promptly address any potential psychological side effects.

Keep in mind that not all weight loss medications have the same side effect profile, and the likelihood and severity of these side effects can vary depending on the specific medication being used. Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance and report any unusual or concerning psychological symptoms while taking weight loss medications.
​Shervan K Shahhian

How can we overcome Financial shame:

Overcoming financial shame can be a challenging but essential step towards achieving financial well-being and a healthier relationship with money. Here are some strategies to help you address and overcome financial shame:

1. Recognize and Acknowledge Your Feelings: Start by acknowledging and accepting that you have feelings of financial shame. Understand that it’s a common emotion, and many people experience it at some point in their lives.
2. Identify the Source of Shame: Try to pinpoint the specific reasons or events that have contributed to your financial shame. Understanding the root causes can help you address and work through these issues.
3. Seek Professional Help: Consider speaking with a therapist or counselor who specializes in financial therapy or mental health. They can help you explore the underlying emotions and behaviors associated with your financial shame.
4. Educate Yourself: Enhance your financial literacy. Learning more about personal finance and money management can boost your confidence and reduce feelings of shame. There are many books, online courses, and resources available to help you improve your financial knowledge.
5. Set Realistic Goals: Establish achievable financial goals and create a plan to reach them. Having a sense of purpose and direction with your finances can reduce shame and anxiety.
6. Create a Budget: Develop a budget that aligns with your financial goals. Tracking your income and expenses can give you a better understanding of your financial situation and help you make informed decisions.
7. Build a Support System: Share your feelings and experiences with a trusted friend or family member. They can provide emotional support and may even have helpful advice or resources.
8. Practice Self-Compassion: Be kind and forgiving to yourself. Understand that everyone makes financial mistakes, and they can be valuable learning experiences.
9. Focus on Progress, Not Perfection: Celebrate small victories and improvements in your financial situation. Remember that it’s a journey, and setbacks are a natural part of the process.
10. Avoid Comparisons: Avoid comparing your financial situation to others. People often present a polished image of their financial lives, which may not reflect reality. Focus on your own progress and goals.
11. Take Responsibility: While it’s important to be compassionate towards yourself, also take responsibility for your financial actions. Accepting responsibility is a crucial step in making positive changes.
12. Plan for the Future: Create a financial plan that outlines your long-term goals and how you intend to achieve them. Having a clear vision of your financial future can motivate you to move past shame and take action.
13. Practice Gratitude: Reflect on the positive aspects of your life and the things you are grateful for. Shifting your focus to gratitude can help counteract negative emotions.
14. Monitor and Adjust Your Progress: Regularly review your financial situation and adjust your goals and plans as needed. This proactive approach can help you stay on track and reduce feelings of shame.

Remember that overcoming financial shame is a process that takes time and effort. Be patient with yourself and seek support when needed. By taking proactive steps and working on your relationship with money, you can gradually reduce financial shame and achieve greater financial well-being.

Shervan K Shahhian

Unfourtntly Fatal drug overdoses in people 65 and older is on the rise:

I can provide some general information on the topic.

Historically, drug overdoses have been more commonly associated with younger age groups. However, there has been a growing concern about substance abuse and overdoses among older adults, including those aged 65 and older. Several factors could contribute to this trend:

Prescription Medications: Older adults may be prescribed medications for various health conditions, and some of these medications can be addictive or have the potential for misuse. Mismanagement of prescription drugs can lead to accidental overdoses.

Polypharmacy: Older adults often take multiple medications simultaneously to manage chronic health conditions, which can increase the risk of interactions and adverse effects if not properly monitored.

Chronic Pain Management: Some older adults may experience chronic pain and may be prescribed opioid medications for pain management. Inadequate pain management or misuse of these medications can lead to overdoses.

Social Isolation: Loneliness and social isolation can contribute to depression and anxiety in older adults. Some may turn to drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism, which can increase the risk of overdose.

Lack of Awareness: Healthcare providers and caregivers may not always be aware of the potential for substance abuse or overdose risk in older adults, leading to inadequate monitoring and prevention efforts.

It’s important to note that addressing the issue of drug overdoses in older adults requires a multifaceted approach that includes better education, healthcare provider awareness, improved medication management, and addressing the mental health and social needs of this population.

To get the most up-to-date information on this issue, I recommend checking reliable news sources or consulting recent research studies and reports from relevant government agencies or healthcare organizations.

Shervan K Shahhian

What Brain regions are associated with habit formation:

Habit formation in the brain involves several interconnected brain regions and neural circuits. While our understanding of these processes is still evolving, here are some key brain regions associated with habit formation:

Basal Ganglia: The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located deep within the brain, and they play a central role in habit formation. Specifically, the dorsal striatum, a part of the basal ganglia, is implicated in the formation and execution of habits. It is thought to be responsible for the automatic and repetitive behaviors associated with habits.

Prefrontal Cortex: The prefrontal cortex, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), is involved in decision-making, goal setting, and executive control. It interacts with the basal ganglia during habit formation, helping to initiate and regulate habitual behaviors.

Hippocampus: The hippocampus is primarily associated with memory and learning. While it is not directly involved in habit formation, it plays a role in the early stages of learning and encoding new information about behaviors. As behaviors become more habitual, the involvement of the hippocampus decreases.

Amygdala: The amygdala is involved in processing emotions and the emotional aspects of habits. It can influence habit formation through its role in associating emotional responses with specific behaviors.

Cerebellum: Although traditionally associated with motor control and coordination, the cerebellum has also been implicated in certain aspects of habit formation, particularly in fine-tuning motor skills and sequences.

Nucleus Accumbens: This region, part of the ventral striatum, is involved in the brain’s reward system. It plays a role in reinforcing habits through the release of dopamine, which reinforces the association between a behavior and its rewarding outcome.

Olfactory Bulb: In some studies, the olfactory bulb has been linked to habit formation, particularly in the context of olfactory-related habits or sensory-based habits.

It’s important to note that habit formation is a complex process, and these brain regions do not work in isolation. They often interact with each other to shape and execute habitual behaviors. Additionally, the precise roles of these brain regions in habit formation can vary depending on the type of habit and the specific circumstances.

Research in neuroscience is ongoing, and our understanding of habit formation at the neural level continues to evolve with new discoveries and insights.

Shervan K Shahhian

Financial shame, what is it:

Financial shame is a deeply negative and often distressing emotional state that individuals may experience related to their financial circumstances, decisions, or behaviors. It involves feelings of guilt, embarrassment, or inadequacy stemming from various aspects of one’s financial life. Financial shame can manifest in several ways, including:

Debt and Financial Mistakes: People may feel ashamed if they have accumulated significant debt, made poor financial decisions, or experienced financial setbacks such as bankruptcy or foreclosure.

Income and Employment: Individuals may feel ashamed if they earn less than they believe they should, struggle to find stable employment, or face unemployment or underemployment.

Social Comparisons: Comparing one’s financial situation to others who seem more successful or affluent can lead to feelings of inadequacy and shame, especially in a culture that often emphasizes material wealth.

Lifestyle Choices: Choices related to spending, saving, or investing can trigger financial shame if individuals feel they are not living up to societal or personal expectations.

Family and Relationships: Financial problems can strain relationships and lead to feelings of shame, particularly when individuals perceive themselves as failing to provide for their families or meeting financial obligations.

Hiding Financial Problems: Concealing financial difficulties or maintaining a facade of prosperity can exacerbate financial shame, as individuals may fear judgment or rejection if their true financial situation is revealed.

Financial shame can be detrimental to one’s mental and emotional well-being. It can lead to stress, anxiety, depression, and a reluctance to seek help or guidance to improve one’s financial situation. Addressing financial shame often involves acknowledging and understanding these emotions, seeking support from friends, family, or financial professionals, and taking steps to improve financial literacy and make more informed financial decisions.

It’s important to remember that many people face financial challenges at some point in their lives, and experiencing financial shame is not uncommon. Seeking help, learning from mistakes, and taking proactive steps toward financial health can help individuals alleviate this emotional burden and work toward a more secure financial future.
​Shervan K Shahhian

Age belief journaling: Age belief journaling is a practice where individuals reflect on their beliefs and attitudes about aging. It involves keeping a journal or diary to record thoughts, experiences, and reflections related to one’s perception of getting older. This practice can be beneficial for personal growth, self-awareness, and changing negative or limiting beliefs about aging. Here’s how you can start age belief journaling:

1. Choose a Journal: Begin by selecting a physical journal or a digital platform where you can record your thoughts regularly. It could be a notebook, a word document, or a dedicated journaling app.
2. Set a Schedule: Decide on a regular schedule for your journaling. You can choose to write daily, weekly, or as often as you feel necessary. Consistency is key.
3. Reflect on Your Beliefs: Start each journal entry by reflecting on your beliefs and attitudes about aging. Consider questions like:

• What do I think about getting older?
• What societal stereotypes or norms about aging have influenced my beliefs?
• How do I perceive older adults, including myself in the future?
• What fears or concerns do I have about aging?

1. Record Experiences: Document personal experiences related to aging. This could include interactions with older individuals, observations of aging in your own life or the lives of loved ones, and any insights gained from these experiences.
2. Challenge Negative Beliefs: If you identify negative or limiting beliefs about aging, challenge them in your journal. Ask yourself if these beliefs are based on facts or stereotypes. Explore alternative, more positive perspectives.
3. Set Goals: Consider setting goals for changing or improving your beliefs about aging. For example, you might aim to develop a more positive attitude toward aging or to challenge age-related biases in your thinking.
4. Celebrate Progress: As you continue journaling, acknowledge and celebrate any progress you make in changing your age-related beliefs. This can help reinforce positive changes and motivate you to continue the practice.
5. Seek Inspiration: Read books, articles, or watch documentaries about aging to gain insights and inspiration for your journaling. Learning from the experiences and wisdom of older individuals can be valuable.
6. Share and Connect: If you feel comfortable, consider sharing your journal entries with trusted friends or family members. Engaging in discussions about aging can help you gain new perspectives and support your personal growth.

Age belief journaling can be a powerful tool for personal development and self-discovery. It can help individuals develop a more positive and realistic outlook on aging, leading to a happier and more fulfilling life as they grow older.

Shervan K Shahhian

Finding Aging role models:

​Finding aging role models can be an inspiring and empowering process. Aging role models can help you navigate the challenges and opportunities that come with growing older and can serve as examples of how to live a fulfilling and purposeful life as you age. Here are some steps to help you find aging role models:

Identify Your Values and Interests: Start by reflecting on your own values, interests, and goals for aging. What do you hope to achieve as you get older? What are your passions and hobbies? Understanding your own aspirations will help you find role models who align with your values and interests.

Read Biographies and Autobiographies: Look for books, articles, and memoirs written by or about individuals who have aged gracefully and made meaningful contributions in their later years. These stories can provide valuable insights and inspiration.

Attend Workshops and Seminars: Many communities and organizations offer workshops and seminars on topics related to aging, retirement planning, health, and well-being. These events often feature speakers and presenters who can serve as role models.

Join Social Groups and Clubs: Joining clubs or groups that cater to your interests can be a great way to meet older individuals who are passionate about the same things you are. These connections can lead to role model relationships.

Volunteer: Volunteering for organizations that support older adults can introduce you to people who are actively engaged in their communities and making a difference in the lives of others.

Explore Historical Figures: Research historical figures who continued to achieve remarkable things in their later years. People like Nelson Mandela, Maya Angelou, and Warren Buffett are examples of individuals who remained influential well into their senior years.

Engage in Social Media and Online Communities: Join online communities, forums, or social media groups focused on aging, retirement, and senior interests. These platforms can connect you with people who share their experiences and wisdom.

Interview Family and Friends: Sometimes, your own family members or friends can serve as aging role models. Conduct interviews or have conversations with older loved ones to learn about their life experiences and lessons.

Attend Aging-related Events: Look for events and conferences dedicated to aging, longevity, and senior well-being. These events often feature speakers and experts who can serve as role models in various aspects of aging.

Mentorship Programs: Some organizations offer mentorship programs that pair younger individuals with older mentors. This can be a structured way to find an aging role model who can provide guidance and support.

Celebrities and Public Figures: Explore celebrities and public figures who have aged gracefully and continue to be active in their fields. Many of them use their platform to advocate for positive aging.

Remember that aging role models can come from various backgrounds and fields, so be open to diverse sources of inspiration. The key is to find individuals whose journeys and accomplishments resonate with your own goals and aspirations for aging gracefully and meaningfully.
​Shervan K Shahhian

How does Deadly drug fentanyl impacts its users:
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​Respiratory Depression: Fentanyl, like all opioids, can slow down a person’s breathing rate. In any dose or when used and abused, this can lead to severe respiratory depression, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Overdose Risk: Fentanyl is extremely potent and deadly, and even a small amount can cause an overdose if taken. Overdose symptoms can include slowed or stopped breathing, loss of consciousness, and death.

Tolerance and Dependence: With any use, individuals can develop a tolerance to fentanyl, meaning they need higher doses to achieve the same effects. This can lead to physical and psychological dependence, making it difficult to quit using the drug.

Withdrawal Symptoms: When a person who is dependent on fentanyl stops using it, they may experience withdrawal symptoms, which can be highly uncomfortable and may include anxiety, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cravings for the drug.

Illicit Market: Fentanyl is often illicitly manufactured and sold on the black market. Illicit fentanyl and its analogs are frequently mixed with other drugs, such as heroin or cocaine, without the user’s knowledge, which increases the risk of overdose.

Risk of Death: Fentanyl is associated with a high risk of overdose and death, especially when obtained from illicit sources. It has been a significant contributor to the opioid crisis in many parts of the world.

It’s important to note that fentanyl is extremally deadly. Using fentanyl or obtaining it from illegal sources is extremely dangerous and can have severe and Deadly consequences. If you or someone you know is struggling with fentanyl addiction, it is crucial to seek help from a healthcare provider or addiction treatment center. Treatment options are available to help individuals overcome opioid addiction and regain control of their lives. Please seek help Immediately.

Shervan K Shahhian

Lets explore the social engagement system:
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​The social engagement system refers to the complex set of behaviors, emotions, and interactions that govern how individuals and groups interact with each other in social settings. It plays a crucial role in human society, influencing our relationships, communication, and overall well-being. Here are some key aspects of the social engagement system:

Emotions: Emotions are a fundamental part of the social engagement system. They provide signals about our own feelings and the feelings of others, helping us navigate social interactions. Emotions like empathy, happiness, sadness, anger, and fear play a significant role in how we connect with others.

Empathy: Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. It’s a vital component of the social engagement system, as it allows us to connect with others on an emotional level, offer support, and build strong relationships.

Communication: Effective communication is crucial for social engagement. Verbal and non-verbal communication, such as body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and gestures, help convey information, emotions, and intentions. Active listening is also an essential skill in effective communication.

Social Norms and Etiquette: Every society has its own set of social norms and etiquette, which dictate how individuals should behave in different social contexts. Understanding and following these norms is essential for successful social engagement.

Social Bonds and Relationships: Building and maintaining relationships is a key aspect of the social engagement system. These relationships can range from family and close friends to acquaintances and colleagues. The quality of these connections can significantly impact an individual’s well-being.

Social Support: Social engagement often involves providing and receiving support from others. This support can be emotional, informational, or practical and is important during times of stress or crisis.

Conflict Resolution: Conflict is a natural part of social interactions. The social engagement system includes mechanisms for resolving conflicts and disagreements in a constructive way, promoting harmony and cooperation within social groups.

Cultural and Gender Differences: Social engagement norms and behaviors can vary significantly across cultures and genders. Understanding and respecting these differences is essential for effective cross-cultural and gender-sensitive communication.

Social Development: The social engagement system also plays a critical role in the development of children and adolescents. Learning to navigate social interactions and form healthy relationships is a crucial part of growing up.

Social Media and Technology: In the digital age, social engagement has extended to online platforms and social media. These platforms have reshaped how people connect and communicate, presenting both opportunities and challenges for maintaining healthy social engagement.

Understanding the social engagement system and developing strong social skills is essential for building meaningful relationships, fostering a sense of belonging, and contributing to a healthy and cohesive society. It involves a combination of emotional intelligence, effective communication, empathy, and cultural awareness.
​Shervan K Shahhian

How does the Nervous system reacts to stressful experiences:

The nervous system plays a crucial role in how the body reacts to stressful experiences. When you encounter a stressful situation, whether it’s physical, emotional, or psychological, your body’s “fight or flight” response is triggered. This response is a survival mechanism that helps you deal with perceived threats or challenges. Here’s how the nervous system reacts to stressful experiences:

Perception of Stress: Stress begins with the perception of a stressor, which can be anything that your brain interprets as a potential threat. This could be a physical danger, a challenging task, or an emotional situation.

Sympathetic Nervous System Activation: In response to the perceived stressor, your sympathetic nervous system is activated. This branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response. It prepares the body to respond quickly to the stressor by releasing neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and stimulating various physiological changes:

Increased Heart Rate: Your heart rate increases to pump more blood to your muscles and brain, providing them with oxygen and nutrients to respond effectively.

Dilated Pupils: Pupils dilate to allow more light into the eyes, improving vision and alertness.

Bronchial Dilation: Airways in the lungs expand to increase oxygen intake.

Release of Stress Hormones: The adrenal glands release stress hormones, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and cortisol, into the bloodstream. These hormones increase energy levels and temporarily suppress functions that are not immediately necessary, like digestion.

Muscle Tension: Muscles tense up to prepare for action.

Increased Sweating: Sweat production increases to cool the body during exertion.

Cognitive Changes: The stress response also affects the brain. It can sharpen focus and attention, making you more alert to the stressor. This heightened awareness can help you respond effectively to the threat.

Parasympathetic Nervous System: Once the stressful situation is over, the parasympathetic nervous system, the counterpart to the sympathetic system, helps the body return to a state of balance and relaxation. It promotes activities such as digestion, healing, and rest.

Long-Term Effects: Chronic stress, or repeated exposure to stressors over time, can have negative effects on the nervous system and overall health. Prolonged activation of the stress response, especially the release of cortisol, can contribute to health issues like high blood pressure, anxiety disorders, depression, and weakened immune function.

Individual Variation: It’s important to note that people may react differently to stress. Genetic factors, past experiences, and coping strategies can influence how someone responds to stressful situations.

Managing stress is essential for overall well-being. Techniques such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, and stress-reduction strategies can help mitigate the negative effects of chronic stress on the nervous system and overall health.

Shervan K Shahhian