Author Archives: Shervan K Shahhian, LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Most Comprehensive Online Library Regarding Mental Health, Psychology and Parapsychology in the World.

Understanding Emotional blackmail and how to deal with Emotional blackmail effectively:

Emotional blackmail is a manipulative tactic used by some individuals to control or manipulate others’ emotions and behaviors. It involves using guilt, fear, obligation, or other negative emotions to pressure someone into doing something they may not want to do or to comply with the blackmailer’s desires. This can occur in personal relationships, family dynamics, friendships, or even in professional settings. Understanding emotional blackmail and learning how to effectively deal with it are essential for maintaining healthy boundaries and fostering positive relationships. Here’s how you can do that:

Recognize the signs: Emotional blackmail can take various forms, such as threats, emotional outbursts, sulking, or playing the victim. Recognizing these patterns is the first step in addressing the issue.

Identify your emotions: When you are confronted with emotional blackmail, take a moment to understand and acknowledge your emotions. Recognize that you may be feeling guilty, scared, or obligated, and that these feelings may be manipulated.

Set boundaries: Establish clear boundaries and communicate them assertively but respectfully. Let the person know what behavior is unacceptable and what consequences may follow if they continue to engage in emotional blackmail.

Stay calm and composed: Emotional blackmailers may try to provoke emotional reactions to gain control. Stay calm and composed during such situations. Responding emotionally may fuel their tactics.

Seek support: Talk to someone you trust about the situation. It could be a friend, family member, or a therapist. They can offer you perspective, advice, and emotional support.

Practice self-care: Taking care of your physical and emotional well-being is crucial in handling emotional blackmail effectively. Engage in activities that make you feel positive and resilient.

Learn to say no: Emotional blackmail often thrives on people’s inability to say no. Practice asserting yourself and saying no when necessary. You have the right to prioritize your needs and well-being.

Avoid rewarding emotional blackmail: When you give in to emotional blackmail, you inadvertently reinforce the manipulative behavior. Avoid giving in to unreasonable demands or manipulative tactics.

Consider the consequences: Evaluate the possible consequences of giving in to emotional blackmail versus holding your ground. Sometimes, standing firm on your boundaries can lead to healthier relationships and personal growth.

Seek professional help if needed: If you find it challenging to cope with emotional blackmail or if the situation is getting out of control, don’t hesitate to seek help from a therapist or counselor who specializes in interpersonal dynamics.

Remember, dealing with emotional blackmail may not be easy, especially if it involves close relationships. However, setting healthy boundaries and communicating assertively are vital steps in building respectful and balanced relationships.

Shervan K Shahhian

Emotional blackmail is a term coined by psychotherapist Dr. Susan:

The term “emotional blackmail” was coined by psychotherapist Dr. Susan Forward in her book titled “Emotional Blackmail: When the People in Your Life Use Fear, Obligation, and Guilt to Manipulate You.” The book, first published in 1997, explores the dynamics of manipulative relationships and how emotional blackmail can be used as a tool to control others.

In her book, Dr. Susan Forward delves into various examples and scenarios where emotional blackmail can manifest, and she provides insights on how to recognize and effectively deal with this manipulative behavior. The concept has since become widely recognized and utilized in discussions about toxic interpersonal dynamics and emotional manipulation.

Shervan K Shahhian

Who are Health scientists:

Health scientists are professionals who study and research various aspects of health, healthcare, and medical sciences. They play a critical role in advancing our understanding of diseases, human physiology, public health, and the development of new medical treatments and technologies. Health scientists work in a wide range of fields, and their specific roles and areas of expertise can vary greatly. Some common types of health scientists include:

Biomedical Scientists: They study the biological basis of health and disease, investigating cellular and molecular processes, genetics, and biochemistry to understand diseases and develop new therapies.

Epidemiologists: These scientists study patterns and causes of diseases within populations. They investigate outbreaks, analyze risk factors, and work to prevent the spread of diseases.

Medical Researchers: These professionals conduct research to understand diseases, test new treatments, and develop medical interventions. They often work in clinical trials and laboratory settings.

Public Health Scientists: They focus on improving population health and preventing diseases through research, policy development, and health promotion programs.

Environmental Health Scientists: They study the impact of environmental factors on human health and work to address issues related to air and water quality, toxic substances, and occupational health hazards.

Health Informaticians: These scientists specialize in managing and analyzing health-related data and information to improve healthcare systems and decision-making.

Pharmacologists: They study the effects of drugs and medications on the body, helping to develop new pharmaceuticals and understanding how existing drugs can be used most effectively.

Nutritional Scientists: These professionals study the relationship between diet and health, examining the impact of nutrition on various diseases and promoting healthy eating habits.

Exercise Scientists: They research the effects of physical activity and exercise on the body, aiming to improve overall health and well-being.

Health scientists work in universities, research institutions, government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and other healthcare settings. Their work contributes significantly to improving health outcomes, advancing medical knowledge, and enhancing public health policies and practices.

Shervan K Shahhian

How to better predict, diagnose, monitor and treat depression:

Predicting, diagnosing, monitoring, and treating depression is a complex and multi-faceted process that involves various approaches. While there is no one-size-fits-all solution, advancements in technology and research have led to several strategies that can enhance our ability to address depression effectively. Here are some key approaches to consider:

Machine Learning and Data Analysis: Machine learning algorithms can be employed to analyze large datasets, including patient data, genetics, and lifestyle factors, to identify patterns and risk factors associated with depression. By using predictive analytics, it may be possible to identify individuals at higher risk of developing depression.

Biomarker Research: Researchers are exploring various biological markers (biomarkers) that could be associated with depression. This includes genetic markers, neuroimaging (such as MRI or fMRI) to study brain changes, and other physiological indicators. Biomarker research can help in early diagnosis and personalized treatment plans.

Digital Mental Health Platforms: The development of smartphone apps and online platforms has made mental health support more accessible. These platforms can offer early screening for depression, provide self-help resources, and offer therapeutic interventions.

Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring: Telemedicine allows patients to consult with healthcare professionals remotely, improving access to mental health services, especially in underserved areas. Remote monitoring tools can be used to track a patient’s progress and make timely adjustments to treatment plans.

Collaborative Care Models: Implementing collaborative care models involves a team-based approach to treating depression. This means involving mental health specialists, primary care physicians, and other healthcare providers to work together and coordinate patient care more effectively.

Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Psychotherapy remains a fundamental component of depression treatment. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is particularly effective for depression as it helps patients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Medication and Pharmacogenomics: Antidepressant medications can be beneficial for some individuals with depression. Advancements in pharmacogenomics help identify how a person’s genetics may impact their response to certain medications, leading to more personalized treatment plans.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): TMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can be used for treatment-resistant depression. It involves using magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): ECT is a treatment option for severe depression that hasn’t responded to other therapies. It involves passing electric currents through the brain to trigger controlled seizures, which can lead to improvements in certain cases.

Lifestyle Interventions: Encouraging lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a balanced diet, sufficient sleep, and stress management can complement medical and therapeutic interventions for depression.

Long-term Follow-up and Support: Continuity of care is crucial for managing depression effectively. Providing ongoing support, follow-up visits, and relapse prevention plans can help individuals maintain their progress and prevent future episodes.

It’s important to note that depression is a complex mental health condition, and successful treatment often involves a combination of these strategies. Additionally, ongoing research and advancements in technology will likely continue to improve our understanding and management of depression in the future.

Shervan K Shahhian

What are Depression symptoms:

Depression is a mood disorder that can affect how a person feels, thinks, and behaves. It’s essential to recognize that depression symptoms can vary from person to person, and not everyone will experience the same set of symptoms. However, some common symptoms of depression include:

Persistent sadness: Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless for an extended period, often without a clear reason.

Loss of interest: Losing interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable, such as hobbies, socializing, or spending time with loved ones.

Fatigue: Feeling constantly tired, even after getting enough rest and sleep.

Changes in sleep patterns: Experiencing insomnia (difficulty falling or staying asleep) or hypersomnia (excessive sleepiness).

Appetite or weight changes: Significant changes in appetite or weight, either increased or decreased.

Feelings of worthlessness or guilt: Feeling worthless, excessively guilty, or blaming oneself for things beyond their control.

Difficulty concentrating: Finding it challenging to focus, make decisions, or remember things.

Irritability: Being easily agitated or annoyed over minor issues.

Physical aches and pains: Experiencing unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches, body aches, or digestive problems.

Withdrawal from others: Pulling away from friends, family, and social activities, preferring to isolate oneself.

Thoughts of death or suicide: Having thoughts about death, dying, or self-harm, or engaging in self-destructive behaviors.

It’s important to note that experiencing a few of these symptoms occasionally does not necessarily mean someone has depression. However, if several of these symptoms persist for an extended period (usually more than two weeks) and significantly interfere with daily life, it may be indicative of clinical depression. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it’s crucial to seek professional help from a mental health provider or a healthcare professional. Depression is a treatable condition, and seeking help early can lead to better outcomes.

Shervan K Shahhian

The psychoanalytic theory of Transactional analysis explained:

It appears that there is a slight confusion in your question. Transactional Analysis (TA) is not a psychoanalytic theory but rather a distinct psychological theory developed by Eric Berne in the mid-20th century. However, it does have some connections to psychoanalytic concepts, as Berne was influenced by psychoanalytic ideas and incorporated them into TA.

Transactional Analysis is a theory of personality and communication that aims to understand human behavior, communication patterns, and relationships. It is widely used in psychotherapy, counseling, and organizational development. The central concept of TA revolves around the idea that individuals have three ego states that determine their behavior in social interactions. These ego states are:

Parent Ego State: This ego state represents the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that individuals have internalized from their parents or other authority figures. It includes both nurturing and caring aspects (Nurturing Parent) and controlling and critical aspects (Critical Parent).

Adult Ego State: The Adult ego state is associated with rational thinking, problem-solving, and objective decision-making. It involves processing information in a logical and unbiased manner.

Child Ego State: The Child ego state is linked to emotions, feelings, and behaviors that were experienced during childhood. It can be further divided into three sub-states: the Natural Child (spontaneous and playful), the Adapted Child (compliant and conforming), and the Rebellious Child (defiant and resistant).

In any social interaction, individuals communicate with each other by exchanging “transactions,” which are verbal and non-verbal exchanges of messages. These transactions can occur within the same ego state (called “ultraswitching”) or between different ego states. Miscommunications and conflicts often arise when individuals engage in crossed transactions, where they respond from a different ego state than the one the other person is addressing.

Additionally, Berne identified various “life scripts” that individuals develop in childhood, based on their early life experiences and interactions with caregivers. These scripts shape an individual’s beliefs about themselves and others, as well as their behaviors and decisions throughout life.

Transactional Analysis helps individuals gain insight into their own patterns of behavior, communication styles, and emotional responses. It also aids in understanding the dynamics in relationships and can be used to improve communication and resolve conflicts effectively.

While TA shares some common ground with psychoanalysis, it is more focused on observable behaviors, communication, and interpersonal interactions rather than unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, which are the primary focus of traditional psychoanalysis. Nonetheless, both approaches contribute valuable insights to the understanding of human behavior and emotional well-being.

Shervan K Shahhian

Understanding Structuralism in Psychology:

Structuralism was one of the earliest schools of thought in psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt and developed further by Edward Titchener in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It focused on understanding the human mind and consciousness by analyzing its basic elements or structures. Structuralism played a significant role in the history of psychology and laid the foundation for the development of modern psychology.

Key Concepts of Structuralism:

Introspection: The primary method used in structuralism was introspection, which involved trained individuals reporting their conscious experiences in response to specific stimuli. Participants would be presented with a stimulus, such as an object or a thought, and they would then describe their subjective thoughts, emotions, and sensations associated with that stimulus.

Consciousness: Structuralists believed that the study of consciousness was the key to understanding human behavior. They focused on breaking down conscious experiences into their elemental components, such as sensations, feelings, and images.

Basic Elements: Structuralists aimed to identify the basic elements of consciousness, such as colors, shapes, sounds, and other sensory experiences. By analyzing these elements, they believed they could understand the complex nature of the human mind.

Objective Measurement: While introspection relied on self-reporting, structuralists tried to make their methods as objective as possible. They sought to standardize their procedures and trained observers to be consistent in their reports.

Critiques and Decline of Structuralism:

Despite its contributions to the early development of psychology, structuralism faced several criticisms and challenges:

Subjectivity: Introspection relied on self-reporting, which made it difficult to verify or reproduce results. Different individuals often described their experiences differently, leading to questions about the reliability and objectivity of the method.

Lack of Practical Applications: Structuralism’s focus on analyzing the elements of consciousness did not lead to practical applications or solutions to real-world problems. As a result, its relevance and popularity declined over time.

Behaviorism’s Rise: The rise of behaviorism, spearheaded by psychologists like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, shifted the focus of psychology from the mind and consciousness to observable behavior. Behaviorism gained popularity due to its emphasis on objective measurement and practical applications.

Despite its decline, structuralism remains historically significant as the first systematic approach to studying the human mind. Its emphasis on introspection and the study of consciousness paved the way for later psychological movements and methodologies. Today, contemporary psychology draws on various perspectives and approaches, reflecting the diversity of human experiences and behavior.

Shervan K Shahhian

How can we combat negative thoughts:

Combatting negative thoughts can be challenging, but with consistent effort and practice, it is possible to develop healthier thought patterns. Here are some strategies to help you effectively manage and reduce negative thoughts:

1. Recognize and acknowledge the negative thoughts: Start by becoming aware of when negative thoughts arise. Pay attention to the triggers or patterns that lead to these thoughts. Acknowledging them is the first step in addressing them.
2. Challenge negative thoughts: Once you identify negative thoughts, challenge their validity. Ask yourself if there is evidence to support or refute these thoughts. Often, negative thoughts are distorted and exaggerated, so questioning their accuracy can help put them into perspective.
3. Practice positive affirmations: Counteract negative thoughts with positive affirmations. Repeating positive statements about yourself and your abilities can gradually shift your mindset and build self-confidence.
4. Cultivate gratitude: Focus on the positive aspects of your life and practice gratitude. Regularly identify and appreciate the things you are thankful for. This can help shift your focus away from negativity.
5. Limit exposure to negative influences: Be mindful of the media, social media, or individuals who consistently spread negativity. Surround yourself with positive and supportive people, content, and environments.
6. Engage in physical activity: Exercise can have a positive impact on your mood and mental well-being. Regular physical activity releases endorphins, which are natural mood elevators.
7. Practice mindfulness and meditation: Mindfulness can help you become more aware of your thoughts without judgment. Meditation can bring a sense of calm and help you let go of negative thought patterns.
8. Challenge cognitive distortions: Cognitive distortions are biased ways of thinking that can contribute to negative thoughts. Common distortions include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and personalization. Learn to recognize these distortions and challenge them.
9. Seek professional help: If negative thoughts are persistent and significantly impacting your daily life, consider seeking support from a mental health professional, such as a therapist or counselor.
10. Engage in activities you enjoy: Participate in hobbies and activities that bring you joy and a sense of fulfillment. Doing things you love can help shift your focus away from negativity.
11. Practice self-compassion: Be kind to yourself and treat yourself with the same understanding and compassion you would offer a friend. Remember that everyone experiences negative thoughts, and it’s okay to have them occasionally.

Remember, combating negative thoughts is a gradual process, and it’s essential to be patient and gentle with yourself as you work towards cultivating a more positive mindset. Consistency and perseverance in applying these strategies can lead to lasting changes in your thought patterns and overall well-being.

Shervan K Shahhian

Is mood improvement possible:

Yes, mood improvement is possible. Human emotions and moods are complex and can be influenced by various internal and external factors. While some people may naturally have a more stable and positive mood, others may struggle with mood fluctuations or experience negative emotions more frequently. However, there are several strategies and techniques that individuals can use to improve their mood:

1. Physical Activity: Regular exercise has been shown to release endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. Engaging in physical activity, even if it’s just a brisk walk, can help improve mood and reduce stress.
2. Healthy Diet: Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining a balanced mood. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, nuts, and seeds, have been linked to better emotional well-being.
3. Adequate Sleep: Getting enough restful sleep is essential for mood regulation. Lack of sleep can lead to irritability and decreased emotional resilience.
4. Social Support: Spending time with loved ones and building a strong support network can provide emotional comfort and reduce feelings of loneliness or isolation.
5. Mindfulness and Meditation: Practicing mindfulness and meditation techniques can help individuals become more aware of their emotions and reduce stress and anxiety.
6. Engaging in Hobbies: Doing activities that bring joy and fulfillment can positively impact mood and overall well-being.
7. Limiting Stress: Finding effective ways to manage stress, such as through relaxation techniques or time management, can prevent mood dips.
8. Seeking Professional Help: If someone is struggling with persistent mood issues, seeking support from a mental health professional can be beneficial. Therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) have been proven effective in treating mood disorders.
9. Gratitude Practice: Cultivating a sense of gratitude by focusing on the positive aspects of life can lead to increased happiness and contentment.

It’s important to remember that mood improvement is a journey, and different strategies work for different people. Additionally, some individuals may experience mood disorders that require professional attention and treatment. If mood issues are severe or interfering with daily life, it’s essential to reach out to a healthcare professional for appropriate evaluation and support.

Shervan K Shahhian

What are some common barriers to good sleep:

There are several common barriers to good sleep that many people face. These barriers can lead to sleep difficulties and impact overall sleep quality. Some of the most prevalent ones include:

Stress and Anxiety: High levels of stress or anxiety can make it difficult to relax and fall asleep. Racing thoughts and worry can keep the mind active, making it hard to switch off at bedtime.

Poor Sleep Routine: Inconsistent sleep schedules, irregular bedtime habits, and erratic wake-up times can disrupt the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to sleep disturbances.

Electronic Devices: The use of electronic devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers before bedtime can interfere with sleep due to the blue light emitted by these devices, which suppresses the production of the sleep hormone melatonin.

Caffeine and Stimulants: Consuming caffeine and other stimulants close to bedtime can disrupt sleep patterns and make it challenging to fall asleep.

Environmental Factors: An uncomfortable sleep environment, such as excessive noise, extreme temperatures, or an uncomfortable mattress, can hinder sleep quality.

Physical Discomfort or Pain: Pain from injuries, chronic conditions, or uncomfortable sleeping positions can prevent individuals from getting restful sleep.

Alcohol and Substance Use: While alcohol may initially induce drowsiness, it can negatively impact sleep quality and disrupt sleep later in the night.

Medications: Some medications can interfere with sleep patterns or cause insomnia as a side effect.

Overthinking and Rumination: Dwelling on problems or overthinking situations while lying in bed can prevent the mind from relaxing and falling asleep.

Sleep Disorders: Conditions like insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy can significantly disrupt sleep.

Shift Work and Jet Lag: Irregular work hours and frequent travel across time zones can disrupt the body’s internal clock, leading to sleep difficulties.

Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyles and lack of regular exercise can negatively affect sleep quality.

Irregular Napping: While short daytime naps can be beneficial, irregular or lengthy naps can interfere with nighttime sleep.

Eating Before Bed: Consuming large or heavy meals close to bedtime can cause discomfort and disrupt sleep.

To improve sleep quality, it’s essential to identify and address these barriers. Creating a consistent sleep schedule, practicing relaxation techniques before bedtime, maintaining a comfortable sleep environment, and limiting caffeine and electronic device use before bed are some strategies that can promote better sleep. If sleep problems persist, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.

Shervan K Shahhian