Author Archives: Shervan K Shahhian, LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Most Comprehensive Online Library Regarding Mental Health, Psychology and Parapsychology in the World.

What is Emotional conflict according to C. G. Jung?

According to Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology, emotional conflict refers to the psychological tension and struggle that arises from the conflicting aspects of an individual’s personality and their unconscious desires or motivations. Jung believed that the human psyche consists of different parts, including the conscious and unconscious mind, and that conflicts arise when these different parts come into opposition with one another.

Jung proposed the concept of the personal unconscious, which contains repressed or forgotten thoughts, memories, and experiences that have a significant impact on an individual’s behavior and emotions. Additionally, he introduced the idea of the collective unconscious, which comprises universal, inherited, and shared psychological patterns or archetypes that influence human behavior across cultures and time.

Emotional conflicts, according to Jung, often stem from the tension between an individual’s conscious attitudes and beliefs and the repressed or unconscious aspects of their personality. These conflicts can manifest in various ways, such as contradictory emotions, unexplained mood swings, or the emergence of irrational or impulsive behavior.

Jung believed that resolving emotional conflicts required the process of individuation, which involves bringing the conscious and unconscious aspects of one’s personality into harmony and balance. This process often entails exploring and integrating the unconscious elements through techniques such as dream analysis, active imagination, and the exploration of personal symbols and archetypes.

By addressing and working through emotional conflicts, individuals can achieve a greater sense of wholeness and self-awareness, leading to personal growth and psychological well-being.

Shervan K Shahhian

How does Dispute resolution works?

Dispute resolution refers to the process of resolving conflicts, disputes, or disagreements between two or more parties. There are several methods of dispute resolution, each with its own processes and procedures. Here are some commonly used methods:

Negotiation: This is an informal method where the parties involved try to reach a mutually agreeable solution through direct communication. It can be done directly between the parties or with the assistance of a neutral third party.

Mediation: Mediation involves the assistance of a neutral third party, known as a mediator, who helps facilitate communication and negotiation between the parties. The mediator does not impose a decision but assists the parties in reaching their own mutually acceptable resolution.

Arbitration: Arbitration is a more formal process where the parties present their case to one or more arbitrators who act as private judges. The arbitrator’s decision, known as an award, is usually binding and enforceable.

Litigation: Litigation is the process of resolving disputes through the court system. It involves presenting the case before a judge or jury, who make a legally binding decision based on the presented evidence and applicable laws.

Collaborative law: In collaborative law, each party is represented by their own attorney, and the parties agree to work together to find a resolution without going to court. This method emphasizes cooperation and finding mutually beneficial solutions.

Online dispute resolution (ODR): ODR involves resolving disputes using online platforms and technology. It can encompass various methods such as negotiation, mediation, or arbitration conducted electronically.

The choice of dispute resolution method depends on factors such as the nature and complexity of the dispute, the desired outcome, the relationship between the parties, and the available resources. It’s important to note that different countries and legal systems may have specific rules and procedures for dispute resolution, so it’s essential to consider the relevant jurisdiction’s laws and regulations.

Shervan K Shahhian

How does open Dialogue helps in conflict resolution?

Open dialogue is a communication approach that can be beneficial in conflict resolution by promoting understanding, collaboration, and mutual respect among the parties involved. Here are some ways in which open dialogue can help in conflict resolution:

Encourages active listening: Open dialogue emphasizes active listening, which involves truly hearing and understanding the perspectives, concerns, and emotions of all parties involved in the conflict. This creates an atmosphere of empathy and allows individuals to feel heard and validated, reducing tension and defensiveness.

Facilitates open and honest communication: Open dialogue creates a safe space for open and honest communication, where individuals can express their thoughts, feelings, and needs without fear of judgment or retaliation. This promotes transparency and helps uncover underlying issues and interests that contribute to the conflict.

Builds understanding and empathy: Through open dialogue, conflicting parties have the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of each other’s perspectives, experiences, and motivations. This increased understanding fosters empathy, allowing individuals to see the conflict from different angles and find common ground.

Promotes collaborative problem-solving: Open dialogue encourages the parties involved to work together in finding mutually agreeable solutions. By engaging in constructive dialogue, they can identify shared interests, brainstorm creative options, and negotiate compromises that address the core issues of the conflict. This collaborative problem-solving approach promotes a sense of ownership and commitment to the resolution.

Prevents escalation and promotes resolution: By addressing conflicts in their early stages and utilizing open dialogue, it is possible to prevent them from escalating into more significant disputes. Open dialogue provides a framework for resolving conflicts through peaceful means, reducing the likelihood of harmful confrontations or prolonged hostilities.

Builds trust and improves relationships: Through open dialogue, conflicting parties can establish trust and rebuild damaged relationships. The respectful and collaborative nature of open dialogue helps create a positive atmosphere that encourages ongoing communication, fosters long-term relationships, and minimizes the likelihood of future conflicts.

It is important to note that open dialogue is not a one-size-fits-all approach and may require the assistance of a skilled mediator or facilitator in more complex or entrenched conflicts. Additionally, the success of open dialogue in conflict resolution relies on the willingness and commitment of all parties involved to engage in the process with an open mind and a genuine desire to find a mutually acceptable resolution.

Shervan K Shahhian

What is a Psychiatric Evaluation?

A psychiatric evaluation is a comprehensive assessment conducted by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist, to gather information about an individual’s mental health status. It is a structured process designed to understand and diagnose psychological or psychiatric conditions, determine appropriate treatment options, and formulate a comprehensive care plan.

During a psychiatric evaluation, the mental health professional typically engages in a dialogue with the individual, asking questions about various aspects of their life, emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and experiences. The evaluation may involve several components, including:

Clinical Interview: The mental health professional conducts an interview to gather detailed information about the individual’s symptoms, current concerns, personal history, family history, and social context. They may ask questions about the individual’s mood, sleep patterns, appetite, energy level, relationships, work or school functioning, and any potential risk factors.

Mental Status Examination: This is a systematic assessment of the individual’s current mental state. It involves evaluating their appearance, behavior, speech, thought processes, cognition, memory, attention, and judgment. The mental health professional may assess the individual’s mood, affect, insight, and overall level of distress.

Medical and Psychiatric History: The mental health professional may inquire about the individual’s medical history, including any pre-existing physical health conditions, previous psychiatric diagnoses, or medication use. They may also ask about any past or ongoing treatment, therapy, or hospitalizations.

Psychological Testing: In some cases, the mental health professional may administer specific psychological tests or assessments to gain additional insights into the individual’s cognitive abilities, personality traits, or specific psychological functioning.

Collateral Information: The mental health professional may request permission to gather information from other relevant sources, such as family members, close friends, or previous mental health providers. This information can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the individual’s symptoms and functioning.

Based on the information gathered during the evaluation, the mental health professional will formulate a diagnosis, if appropriate, and discuss it with the individual. They may also develop a treatment plan, which can include medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle modifications, or other interventions tailored to the individual’s needs.

It’s important to note that a psychiatric evaluation is a collaborative process, and the individual’s active participation in providing accurate and honest information is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

Shervan K Shahhian

What is Creative problem-solving?

Creative problem-solving refers to the process of generating innovative and original solutions to complex problems or challenges. It involves thinking beyond conventional boundaries, exploring new perspectives, and utilizing imagination and creativity to develop novel approaches. Creative problem-solving typically follows a structured approach that encourages divergent thinking, idea generation, evaluation, and convergence to arrive at effective and unique solutions.

Here are the key steps typically involved in creative problem-solving:

Problem Identification: Clearly define and understand the problem or challenge at hand. Identify its underlying causes and factors.

Gathering Information: Collect relevant information and data about the problem. Explore different viewpoints and perspectives related to the issue.

Idea Generation: Generate a wide range of ideas and potential solutions without judgment or evaluation. Encourage brainstorming and encourage participants to think freely and imaginatively.

Evaluation: Analyze and assess the generated ideas based on their feasibility, effectiveness, and alignment with the problem’s requirements. Identify the most promising options.

Selection: Choose the most suitable solution(s) from the evaluated ideas. Consider the potential impact, resources required, and practicality of implementation.

Implementation: Develop an action plan to implement the chosen solution(s). Define the necessary steps, allocate resources, and establish a timeline for execution.

Review and Adaptation: Continuously monitor the implementation process and evaluate its effectiveness. Make adjustments or modifications as necessary based on feedback and new insights.

Creative problem-solving encourages thinking outside the box, challenging assumptions, and exploring unconventional solutions. It promotes innovation and can lead to breakthroughs in various domains, including business, science, technology, and the arts.

Shervan K Shahhian

What is Conflict resolution research?

Conflict resolution research is a field of study that focuses on understanding and finding effective ways to manage and resolve conflicts between individuals, groups, organizations, or even nations. It encompasses various disciplines such as psychology, sociology, communication studies, international relations, and law.

Conflict resolution research aims to explore the underlying causes and dynamics of conflicts, as well as develop strategies and techniques to prevent, manage, and resolve them constructively. Researchers in this field examine different types of conflicts, including interpersonal conflicts, organizational conflicts, community conflicts, and conflicts at the international level.

The research in conflict resolution often involves studying factors that contribute to conflict escalation, such as miscommunication, differing interests or values, power imbalances, and structural issues. It also explores the potential consequences of conflicts, including negative emotional and psychological effects, economic losses, social disruption, and even violence.

Researchers in this field employ various methodologies, including qualitative and quantitative research methods, case studies, surveys, and experiments, to gather data and analyze conflict resolution processes. They investigate different approaches to conflict resolution, such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, dialogue, and reconciliation, to determine their effectiveness in different contexts.

The findings of conflict resolution research help inform the development of conflict resolution theory, practices, and interventions. They provide insights into the strategies and skills needed to manage conflicts constructively, promote cooperation, foster understanding, and facilitate long-term peace and stability. Ultimately, conflict resolution research aims to contribute to the creation of more peaceful and harmonious relationships at various levels of society.

Shervan K Shahhian

What is Conflict resolution?

Conflict resolution refers to the process of addressing and resolving disputes, disagreements, or conflicts between individuals, groups, or organizations. It involves finding a peaceful and mutually acceptable solution to the conflict, with the goal of minimizing negative consequences and promoting understanding, cooperation, and positive relationships.

Conflict can arise due to various reasons, such as differences in values, interests, goals, or perspectives, and it is a natural part of human interaction. Conflict resolution aims to manage and resolve these conflicts in a constructive manner rather than allowing them to escalate and cause further damage or harm.

There are different approaches and strategies for conflict resolution, and the most appropriate method depends on the nature of the conflict and the parties involved. Some common techniques include:

Communication and active listening: Encouraging open and honest communication, allowing all parties to express their views and concerns, and actively listening to each other’s perspectives.

Negotiation and compromise: Seeking a mutually agreeable solution through bargaining, give-and-take, and finding common ground. This involves identifying shared interests and working towards a solution that satisfies the needs of all parties involved.

Mediation: Involving a neutral third party, the mediator, who helps facilitate communication, assists in identifying underlying issues, and guides the parties towards finding a resolution. The mediator does not impose a solution but supports the parties in reaching a mutually acceptable agreement.

Collaboration and problem-solving: Encouraging the parties to work together as a team to identify the root causes of the conflict, brainstorm potential solutions, and jointly select the best course of action. This approach emphasizes cooperation and finding win-win outcomes.

Arbitration: In situations where the parties cannot reach an agreement through negotiation or mediation, they may opt for arbitration. An arbitrator, who is a neutral third party, listens to both sides and makes a binding decision or judgment to resolve the conflict.

Conflict resolution is an essential skill in personal relationships, workplaces, communities, and international diplomacy. It promotes understanding, harmony, and the development of creative solutions that can benefit all parties involved.
Shervan K Shahhian

What is Body language?

Body language refers to the non-verbal communication cues and signals that people use to convey information, feelings, and attitudes through their physical movements, gestures, facial expressions, and postures. It is a form of communication that often happens unconsciously or subconsciously, and it can provide valuable insights into a person’s thoughts, emotions, and intentions.

Body language encompasses a wide range of behaviors, including facial expressions such as smiling, frowning, or raising eyebrows; gestures such as pointing, waving, or nodding; postures and body positions such as standing tall, slouching, or crossing arms; eye contact or avoidance; hand movements and gestures; and even subtle micro-expressions that can indicate fleeting emotions.

Interpreting body language requires considering the context, cultural factors, and individual differences, as certain gestures or expressions can vary in meaning across cultures. However, some body language cues are more universal and can be broadly understood, such as a smile indicating happiness or a frown signaling displeasure.

Understanding and interpreting body language can be useful in various contexts, such as social interactions, negotiations, job interviews, public speaking, and relationship building. By paying attention to someone’s body language, you can gain additional insights into their feelings, intentions, and level of engagement, which can enhance communication and help build rapport. It is important to note that body language should be interpreted with caution, as it is not an exact science and can vary depending on the individual and the situation.

Shervan K Shahhian

What is Telephone counseling?

Telephone counseling is a form of counseling or therapy that is conducted over the phone. It involves individuals or couples speaking with a professional counselor or therapist to address their emotional, psychological, or behavioral concerns.
During a telephone counseling session, the counselor and the client engage in a conversation similar to what would occur in a face-to-face counseling session. The counselor actively listens, provides support, guidance, and facilitates the exploration of the client’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences. They may use various therapeutic techniques and interventions to help the client gain insight, cope with challenges, and work towards positive changes.
Telephone counseling offers several advantages. It provides convenience and accessibility since clients can receive counseling services from the comfort of their own homes without the need for travel. It can be particularly beneficial for individuals who have mobility limitations, live in remote areas, or have busy schedules. Moreover, telephone counseling ensures a level of anonymity, which some people find more comfortable for discussing sensitive or personal topics.
However, it’s worth noting that telephone counseling may have limitations compared to in-person counseling. Non-verbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and eye contact, may be more difficult to interpret over the phone, which can impact the therapeutic process. Additionally, certain mental health conditions or complex issues may require the benefits of in-person counseling or other forms of therapy.
Telephone counseling is often provided by licensed mental health professionals, such as psychologists, therapists, or counselors who have received specialized training in delivering counseling services remotely. It is essential to ensure that the telephone counseling service you choose maintains confidentiality and adheres to professional ethical standards.
Shervan K Shahhian

What are Support groups?

Support groups are gatherings or communities of individuals who come together to provide mutual support, encouragement, and understanding for a specific shared challenge or experience. These groups aim to create a safe and supportive environment where people facing similar difficulties can share their thoughts, emotions, and experiences with others who can relate. Support groups can address a wide range of topics and concerns, such as: Health-related issues: There are support groups for individuals with specific medical conditions or diseases, like cancer, diabetes, chronic pain, mental health disorders, or addiction. Bereavement and loss: Support groups help individuals cope with the loss of a loved one, offering emotional support during the grieving process. Parenting and family challenges: These groups provide support and guidance for parents dealing with various issues, such as raising children with special needs, single parenting, or blended families. Addiction and recovery: Support groups for substance abuse and addiction focus on providing a non-judgmental environment where individuals can share their struggles, receive support, and learn coping strategies for recovery. Mental health: These groups offer a platform for individuals facing mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to discuss their experiences, seek advice, and gain support. LGBTQ+ support: These groups provide a safe space for individuals within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning community to share their experiences, find acceptance, and receive support. Support groups can take various forms, including in-person meetings, online forums, chat groups, or telephone-based support. They are typically facilitated by trained professionals, volunteers, or individuals who have firsthand experience with the specific challenge or experience being addressed. The primary purpose of support groups is to foster a sense of community, understanding, and encouragement among participants, promoting healing, personal growth, and resilience.

Shervan K Shahhian