Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) is a type of evidence-based psychotherapy primarily used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was developed by Dr. Edna Foa and her colleagues in the 1980s and has been widely studied and implemented since then.
PE is based on the understanding that individuals with PTSD often experience intense fear and avoidance behaviors related to traumatic memories or situations. The therapy aims to reduce these symptoms by helping individuals confront and process their traumatic experiences in a controlled and supportive environment.
The main goal of prolonged exposure therapy is to decrease the distressing symptoms associated with PTSD by promoting emotional processing and reducing avoidance behaviors. It typically involves the following key components:
Education: The therapist provides information about PTSD, its symptoms, and the rationale behind prolonged exposure therapy. This helps individuals understand the nature of their condition and the treatment process.
Imaginal Exposure: Individuals are encouraged to repeatedly recount the details of their traumatic experience in a safe and controlled environment. They may do this verbally or by writing a narrative. The purpose is to confront and process the emotions and thoughts associated with the trauma.
In Vivo Exposure: This component involves gradually exposing individuals to situations or activities they have been avoiding due to trauma-related fear. By facing these avoided situations in a structured and supportive manner, individuals can learn that they are not as dangerous as they initially believed.
Throughout the therapy, individuals are guided by a trained therapist who provides support, helps them process their emotions, and assists in challenging maladaptive beliefs related to the traumatic experience. The therapy sessions are typically structured, and individuals are encouraged to practice exercises and assignments between sessions to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment.
Prolonged exposure therapy has been found to be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving overall functioning in individuals with PTSD. It has also been adapted and applied to other anxiety disorders and conditions where avoidance behaviors and traumatic experiences play a significant role. However, it’s important to note that PE may not be suitable for everyone, and a thorough assessment by a qualified mental health professional is necessary to determine the appropriateness of the treatment approach.
Shervan K Shahhian
LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 