Universalism is the idea that certain principles, values, or truths apply to all people, everywhere, regardless of culture, religion, nationality, or time period. It shows up in different fields, and its meaning shifts a bit depending on context.
In Philosophy & Ethics
Universalism argues that moral rules are global and objective.
For example:
- “Criminal violence is wrong” is considered true everywhere, not just in one culture.
- It contrasts with moral relativism, which says morality depends on cultural context.
Some famous supporter’s , who believed moral laws come from reason and apply universally.
In Religion
In theology, universalism often refers to the belief that all souls will ultimately be saved or reconciled with the divine.
- In Christianity, this is called Christian Universalism.
- It contrasts with beliefs that only certain people (believers) achieve salvation.
In Politics & Human Rights
Universalism supports the idea that everyone deserves the same fundamental rights.
A key example maybe the United Nations concept of universal human rights:
- Freedom of speech
- Right to life
- Equality before the law
These are meant to apply to all humans, not just citizens of specific countries.
In Culture & Society
Universalism may also refer to shared human experiences or values:
- Emotions like love, fear, grief
- Basic needs like safety and belonging
It suggests that despite differences, humans have common ground.
The Big Tension
Universalism may often debated against relativism:
- Universalism: “Some truths apply to everyone.”
- Relativism: “Truth depends on context or culture.”
- Shervan K Shahhian
LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 