Dyslexia, reality and myth:

A clear overview of dyslexia: separating reality from myth:

What Dyslexia Really Is

Definition: Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental condition that primarily affects reading, spelling, and sometimes writing, despite adequate intelligence and educational opportunities.
Brain Basis: People with dyslexia often have differences in phonological processing—the ability to identify and manipulate sounds in language.
Common Signs:
- Difficulty decoding words and reading fluently
- Confusing letters or words that look similar (e.g., b/d, was/saw)
- Slow or effortful reading
- Challenges in spelling
- Sometimes difficulties with short-term memory, sequencing, or processing speed
Strengths Often Seen:
- Creative thinking and problem-solving
- Strong verbal reasoning or storytelling skills
- Visual-spatial strengths

Common Myths About Dyslexia

Myth: Dyslexia is just seeing letters backward.
Reality: Letter reversals may occur but are not the core issue. Dyslexia is about language processing, not vision.
Myth: People with dyslexia are less intelligent.
Reality: Dyslexia is unrelated to IQ. Many people with dyslexia are highly intelligent.
Myth: Dyslexia can be “cured.”
Reality: Dyslexia is a lifelong difference, but effective interventions and strategies can help people read and write successfully.
Myth: Only children have dyslexia.
Reality: Dyslexia persists into adulthood; early identification helps, but adults can still develop coping strategies.
Myth: Dyslexia is caused by poor teaching or laziness.
Reality: Dyslexia is neurologically based, not the result of laziness or lack of effort.

Effective Strategies

Multisensory Reading Programs: Programs like Orton-Gillingham or Wilson use visual, auditory, and tactile methods.
Assistive Technology: Text-to-speech, audiobooks, and spell-checkers can be very helpful.
Accommodations: Extra time on tests, breaking tasks into steps, and note-taking assistance.
Strength-Based Approach: Encourage skills in problem-solving, creativity, and verbal reasoning.

Key Takeaways

Dyslexia is a neurological difference, not a lack of intelligence.
Early intervention improves outcomes, but strategies can help any age group.
Myths often stigmatize dyslexia and can lower confidence unnecessarily.
Understanding dyslexia from a strengths and challenges perspective is essential for realistic support.
Shervan K Shahhian

The problem with diagnosing each other with Autism and ADHD:

The problem with diagnosing each other with Autism and ADHD:

Great question — and a really important one in our current cultural moment where self-diagnosis and peer-diagnosis are common online and in everyday conversations.

There are several issues that come up when people start diagnosing each other (or themselves) with Autism or ADHD without professional training:

1. Oversimplification of Complex Conditions

Autism and ADHD are neurodevelopmental disorders with wide spectrums. The DSM-5 criteria involve more than just being “quirky” or “hyper.” These conditions affect multiple areas of life: social functioning, sensory processing, executive function, attention regulation, and more. Reducing them to a few relatable traits does a disservice to people who are significantly impacted.

2. Pathologizing Normal Behavior

It’s easy to mistake normal human variation — such as introversion, distractibility under stress, or high energy — for a disorder. Diagnosing someone casually risks turning everyday personality traits into medical labels.

3. Self-fulfilling Labels & Identity Fusion

Labels can stick. When someone is told “you seem autistic” or “you’re so ADHD,” they may internalize that identity — especially in formative years or moments of vulnerability. This can narrow their self-concept, change their behavior, or even increase symptoms through confirmation bias.

4. Misinformation & TikTok Psychology

On social media, complex conditions are often turned into bite-sized symptom lists like:

“If you like organizing your bookshelf a certain way — you might be

autistic!”

These oversimplified “tests” can be misleading and feed into a culture of misdiagnosis or trivialization of real challenges people face.

5. Stigma and Harm to Real Diagnosis

When the language of diagnosis becomes casual, it can lead to people not taking actual diagnoses seriously, and also marginalizes individuals who truly need accommodations and support. It can also lead to skepticism from professionals, making it harder for legitimately neurodivergent individuals to be believed or supported.

6. Missed Alternative Explanations

A person might struggle with focus not because of ADHD, but because of anxiety, trauma, poor sleep, thyroid issues, or stress. Assuming a diagnosis without a full assessment can cause someone to miss the real root of their difficulties.

Better Alternatives:

Psychoeducation: Learn about neurodivergence from reputable sources.

Encourage professional assessment rather than labeling others.

Be supportive and validating without trying to “name” what someone is going through.

Use descriptive language (“You seem overwhelmed in loud places”) instead of diagnostic labels.

Shervan K Shahhian

How to cope with Impulsivity & Emotional Dysregulation:

How to cope with Impulsivity & Emotional Dysregulation:

Coping with impulsivity and emotional dysregulation involves a mix of self-awareness, emotional management strategies, and behavioral techniques. I’ll provide a structured approach that integrates psychological and possibly intuitive insights.

1. Increase Self-Awareness

Mindfulness & Self-Observation: Regular meditation can help enhance your awareness of emotional triggers before they escalate.
Journaling: Write about emotional experiences and impulses to recognize patterns.
Check-in With Yourself: Set reminders to ask, “How am I feeling? What triggered this? What do I need?”

2. Regulate the Nervous System

Breathing Exercises:
Box breathing (inhale 4 sec, hold 4 sec, exhale 4 sec, hold 4 sec)
4–7–8 breathing (inhale 4 sec, hold 7 sec, exhale 8 sec)
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR): Reduces bodily tension associated with impulsivity.
Cold Exposure: Splashing cold water on your face or holding an ice cube can quickly reduce emotional intensity.

3. Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies

Delay the Impulse: Count to 10 before reacting, or distract yourself for 5–10 minutes.
Reframe Negative Thoughts: Identify and challenge cognitive distortions like “This is unbearable!” → Replace with “I can handle this; it’s just temporary.”
Use STOP Technique:
Stop
Take a deep breath
Observe thoughts and feelings
Proceed mindfully

4. Emotional Processing & Expression

Label Your Emotions: Instead of reacting, say “I am feeling X because Y happened.”
Use Artistic Expression: Painting, music, or writing can channel strong emotions productively.
Somatic Release: Engaging in movement (e.g., dance, shaking, or exercise) can help release pent-up emotional energy.

5. Behavioral Adjustments

Impulse Logs: Track your impulsive behaviors to identify trends.
Create Barriers: If you struggle with impulsive spending, remove saved payment details. If it’s reactive anger, practice pausing before speaking.
Develop “If-Then” Plans:
“If I feel overwhelmed, then I will take a walk instead of reacting.”
“If I am tempted to lash out, then I will take three deep breaths first.”

6. Energetic & Parapsychological Approaches

Shielding Techniques: Envision a protective energetic shield that helps filter out overwhelming stimuli.
Telepathic Self-Suggestions: Program your subconscious with phrases like “I remain calm and aware at all times.”

7. Seek Support When Needed

Therapy (CBT, DBT, ACT, or Mindfulness-Based Approaches): A therapist can help tailor strategies to your specific needs.
Group Support (e.g., Emotional Regulation Workshops): Engaging with others on a similar path can provide motivation and practical insights.
Shervan K Shahhian

Understanding Late Diagnosed ADHD:

Understanding Late Diagnosed ADHD:

Late-diagnosed ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) refers to individuals who receive an ADHD diagnosis in adulthood rather than in childhood. This is becoming more common as awareness of ADHD in adults grows, especially in cases where symptoms were overlooked, misdiagnosed, or masked due to coping mechanisms.

Key Aspects of Late-Diagnosed ADHD:

1. Why Is ADHD Missed Until Adulthood?

Masking & Coping Strategies: Many adults with ADHD develop compensatory strategies that help them function, often leading to the condition going unnoticed.
Misdiagnosis: ADHD symptoms may be mistaken for anxiety, depression, or personality disorders.
Gender Bias: Women and girls, in particular, are often underdiagnosed due to presenting with inattentiveness rather than hyperactivity.
High Intelligence or Structure: Some individuals with ADHD thrive in structured environments (e.g., school), but struggle when that structure disappears in adulthood.

2. Common Symptoms in Adults

Executive Dysfunction: Difficulty with organization, time management, and prioritization.
Forgetfulness & Procrastination: Struggling to complete tasks, meet deadlines, or remember obligations.
Impulsivity & Emotional Dysregulation: Mood swings, frustration, and difficulty with impulse control.
Hyperfocus & Distractibility: Difficulty maintaining focus on necessary tasks but becoming deeply absorbed in specific interests.
Relationship & Work Challenges: Struggles with maintaining relationships, career stability, or finances.

3. Psychological Impact of a Late Diagnosis

Relief & Validation: Understanding that struggles weren’t due to laziness or personal failure.
Grief & Regret: Realizing missed opportunities or wondering how life might have been different with earlier support.
Identity Reframing: Learning to see oneself through a new lens and adjusting personal expectations.

4. Managing ADHD After a Late Diagnosis

See a Psychiatrist for Medications: Stimulants (non-stimulants might help with symptoms.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps develop practical coping strategies and address negative thought patterns.
Lifestyle Adjustments: Exercise, sleep regulation, mindfulness, and structured routines.
Community & Support Groups: Connecting with others who share similar experiences.

Final Thoughts

Getting diagnosed later in life can be a transformative experience. It can bring clarity to past struggles and open doors to new ways of managing challenges. While there may be a period of adjustment, many people find that understanding their ADHD leads to increased self-acceptance and improved quality of life.

Shervan K Shahhian

Adult Diagnoses of ADHD:

Adult Diagnoses of ADHD:

Adult ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can persist from childhood into adulthood.

It may present differently in adults compared to children. Symptoms in adults can include:

Inattention:

Difficulty focusing or following through with tasks.
Frequently losing items.
Easily distracted by external stimuli or internal thoughts.
Forgetfulness, especially with appointments, responsibilities, or deadlines.
Impulsivity:

Making decisions without fully thinking them through.
Interrupting others in conversations.
Difficulty waiting for one’s turn in situations.
Impulsive spending or risky behaviors.
Hyperactivity (can be less noticeable in adults but still present):

Feeling restless or fidgety.
Difficulty relaxing or sitting still for long periods.
A constant sense of urgency or being “on the go.”
Disorganization:

Struggling to manage time effectively or maintain a routine.
Difficulty completing tasks or keeping track of multiple projects.
Trouble with prioritizing tasks or following through on commitments.
Emotional dysregulation:

Difficulty managing stress or frustration.
Mood swings or irritability.
Feeling overwhelmed by demands and responsibilities.
Chronic procrastination:

Putting off tasks until the last minute.
Trouble initiating or completing tasks on time.
Difficulty with relationships:

Trouble maintaining steady relationships due to impulsivity, inattention, or emotional volatility.
In adults, ADHD can be mistaken for other conditions like anxiety, depression, or sleep disorders, and it can sometimes be missed in childhood. Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive assessment by a mental health professional, who will look at symptoms, medical history, and impact on daily life.

If an adult suspects they have ADHD, seeking an evaluation from a healthcare provider, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, is important for a proper diagnosis and potential treatment plan.

Shervan K Shahhian

Understanding the 7 Types of ADD:

https://danielamenmd.com

Understanding the 7 Types of ADD:

Dr. Daniel Amen, a psychiatrist specializing in brain health, identified seven types of ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) based on brain imaging studies. These types go beyond the traditional understanding of ADHD as just hyperactive or inattentive. Each type has different symptoms and

The 7 Types of ADD:

Classic ADD

Symptoms: Inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, restlessness.
Brain Pattern: Decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex when focusing.
Treatment: Stimulant medications (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall), exercise, protein-rich diet.

Inattentive ADD

Symptoms: Easily distracted, disorganized, forgetful, trouble following through.
Brain Pattern: Reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex.
Treatment: Stimulants, diet, coaching for structure and organization.

Over-Focused ADD

Symptoms: Trouble shifting attention, obsessive thoughts, difficulty with flexibility, opposition to change.

Brain Pattern: Overactivity in the anterior cingulate gyrus.
Treatment: Strategies to increase dopamine and serotonin (e.g., exercise, meditation, supplements).

Temporal Lobe ADD

Symptoms: Irritability, mood swings, memory problems, aggression, temper outbursts.
Brain Pattern: Dysfunction in the temporal lobes.
Treatment: Anticonvulsants, psychotherapy, relaxation techniques.

Limbic ADD

Symptoms: Persistent sadness, low energy, low self-esteem, negativity, but without full clinical depression.

Brain Pattern: Overactivity in the limbic system.
Treatment: Boosting dopamine (e.g., exercise, bright light therapy), targeted medications.

Ring of Fire ADD

Symptoms: Extreme moodiness, overreaction, anxiety, sensitivity to sounds and lights, oppositional behavior.
Brain Pattern: Hyperactivity across the brain.
Treatment: Elimination diets (to remove food sensitivities), calming supplements (e.g., GABA, magnesium), lifestyle adjustments.

Anxious ADD

Symptoms: Inattention combined with chronic anxiety, physical stress symptoms, fearfulness, tension.
Brain Pattern: Overactivity in the basal ganglia.
Treatment: Relaxation strategies, GABA-promoting foods, supplements, and sometimes anti-anxiety medication.

Each type responds differently to treatments, which is why a personalized approach is key. Dr. Amen emphasizes brain imaging and lifestyle modifications alongside medication and therapy.

https://danielamenmd.com

Shervan K Shahhian

Social Anxiety, is it related to ADHD:

Social Anxiety, is it related to ADHD:

Yes, social anxiety can be related to ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), although they are distinct conditions. Many individuals with ADHD experience social anxiety or other anxiety-related challenges, and the two can often co-occur.

Here’s how they might be connected:

1. Overlapping Symptoms:

People with ADHD often struggle with impulsivity, inattentiveness, or hyperactivity, which can lead to awkward or challenging social interactions.
Negative social experiences, like being misunderstood or criticized, can contribute to feelings of anxiety in social settings.

2. Executive Function Challenges:

ADHD affects executive functioning, making it harder to plan, organize, and respond effectively in social situations.
Difficulty reading social cues or responding appropriately might cause self-consciousness, which can escalate into social anxiety.

3. Low Self-Esteem:

Struggling academically, professionally, or socially due to ADHD can lower self-esteem.
Low self-esteem might make individuals feel inadequate in social settings, increasing anxiety.

4. Hyperawareness of Social Performance:

Some individuals with ADHD are acutely aware of their social mistakes, leading to overthinking or fear of future social encounters.

5. Comorbidity:

ADHD and social anxiety disorder often co-occur. Research indicates that individuals with ADHD are more likely than the general population to also have anxiety disorders, including social anxiety.

Managing the Connection:

If you suspect social anxiety is related to ADHD, treatment strategies can include:

Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can address anxiety and improve social skills.
Medication: ADHD medications or anti-anxiety medications may help manage symptoms.
Skill Development: Social skills training and mindfulness can improve confidence and reduce anxiety.
Support: Connecting with others who share similar experiences can reduce feelings of isolation.

Understanding the link between ADHD and social anxiety is key to developing effective coping mechanisms.

Shervan K Shahhian

Pushing against your Natural Neurotype, what does that mean:

Pushing against your natural neurotype, what does that mean:

The concept of “pushing against your natural neurotype” refers to the idea of going against the inherent tendencies or preferences of your neurological or cognitive makeup. Neurotype generally refers to the unique way in which an individual’s brain functions, including cognitive strengths, weaknesses, and natural inclinations.

When someone talks about pushing against their natural neurotype, they might be referring to intentionally challenging or resisting their default ways of thinking, learning, or behaving. This could involve stepping out of one’s comfort zone, trying activities that don’t align with their typical preferences, or adopting cognitive strategies that may not come naturally.

The goal of pushing against your natural neurotype can vary. It might be a strategy for personal growth, learning, or adapting to new situations. By consciously engaging in activities or thought processes that go against the grain of one’s natural tendencies, individuals may discover new skills, develop flexibility, and broaden their perspectives.

It’s important to note that while pushing against one’s natural neurotype can be a valuable tool for growth, it’s also crucial to understand and appreciate one’s inherent strengths and preferences. Striking a balance between challenging oneself and leveraging natural inclinations can lead to a more well-rounded and adaptable approach to life and learning.

Shervan K Shahhian

ADHD coaching, what is it:

ADHD coaching, what is it:

ADHD coaching is a form of support and guidance designed to help individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better manage their symptoms and improve various aspects of their lives. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity.

ADHD coaching involves working with a trained coach who specializes in understanding the challenges associated with ADHD. The coach collaborates with the individual to set goals, develop strategies, and create personalized plans to enhance productivity, organization, time management, and overall well-being. The coaching process is often goal-oriented, focusing on practical solutions and skill-building rather than solely on discussing emotions or past experiences.

Key elements of ADHD coaching may include:

Goal Setting: Identifying specific, realistic, and achievable goals related to personal and professional development.

Skill Development: Teaching and practicing practical skills to address challenges associated with ADHD, such as time management, organization, and impulse control.

Problem-Solving: Developing effective problem-solving strategies to overcome obstacles and navigate daily tasks.

Time Management: Creating strategies to improve time awareness, prioritize tasks, and manage deadlines more effectively.

Accountability: Providing support and accountability to help individuals stay on track with their goals and commitments.

Self-awareness: Encouraging self-reflection and awareness of ADHD symptoms to foster better self-understanding and self-advocacy.

Communication: Improving communication skills, especially in areas such as relationships and work, to enhance interpersonal interactions.

ADHD coaching is not a substitute for medical treatment, but it can complement other interventions such as medication or therapy. It is a strengths-based approach that focuses on building on the individual’s unique strengths and abilities to optimize their functioning in various aspects of life.

Individuals seeking ADHD coaching should look for certified ADHD coaches with specific training and expertise in working with ADHD clients. Coaching sessions can be conducted in person, over the phone, or through virtual platforms, allowing for flexibility and accessibility.

Shervan K Shahhian

The difference between Delirium and Hyperactivity:

The difference between Delirium and Hyperactivity:

Delirium and hyperactivity are distinct concepts related to mental and cognitive functioning, but they refer to different phenomena.

Delirium:

Definition: Delirium is a state of acute confusion and rapidly changing mental function. It is often characterized by disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognition.
Causes: Delirium is typically caused by an underlying medical condition, medication side effects, substance intoxication or withdrawal, or a combination of these factors. It can be triggered by infections, metabolic imbalances, trauma, or other medical emergencies.
Symptoms: Individuals experiencing delirium may exhibit confusion, disorientation, impaired memory, altered perception of reality, and fluctuating levels of consciousness. Delirium can be a medical emergency and requires prompt evaluation and intervention.

Hyperactivity:

Definition: Hyperactivity refers to a state of excessive and uncontrolled activity or movement. It is often associated with conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it can also occur due to other factors.
Causes: Hyperactivity may be a symptom of various conditions, including ADHD, certain neurological disorders, or psychological factors. It can also be a normal behavior in some situations, such as during childhood play or excitement.
Symptoms: Hyperactivity involves increased motor activity, restlessness, impulsivity, and difficulty sustaining attention on tasks. It is a behavioral aspect and can be more persistent in certain conditions like ADHD.

In summary, delirium is a state of acute confusion and cognitive disturbance often caused by underlying medical issues, while hyperactivity is characterized by excessive and uncontrolled motor activity and may be associated with conditions like ADHD. Delirium is more focused on cognitive dysfunction, while hyperactivity is primarily a behavioral aspect.

Shervan K Shahhian