Tag Archives: mental-health

Salience Filtering is the mind’s way of deciding what matters right now and what can be ignored:

Salience filtering is the mind’s way of deciding what matters right now and what can be ignored.

At any given moment, your senses are flooded with far more information than you can consciously process, sounds, sights, thoughts, bodily sensations. Salience filtering is the mechanism that selects a small subset of that input and flags it as important (salient) so it enters awareness and guides behavior.

How it works

(CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)

It’s largely governed by the mind’s salience network, especially:

  • Anterior insula: (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)
  • Anterior cingulate cortex: (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)

This system continuously evaluates incoming stimuli based on:

  • Relevance to goals: (“Does this help me?”)
  • Emotional significance: (“Is this threatening or rewarding?”)
  • Novelty: (“Is this new or unexpected?”)

Only what passes this filter becomes the focus of attention.

Simple example

Imagine you’re at a loud party:

  • You ignore dozens of conversations (filtered out)
  • Suddenly, someone says your name across the room, it instantly grabs your attention

Your mind tagged that sound as salient, overriding everything else.

Why it matters

Salience filtering shapes:

  • Attention: (what you focus on)
  • Perception: (what you even notice exists)
  • Memory formation: (what gets stored)
  • Behavioral responses: (what you react to)

When it goes off balance

Distorted salience filtering is linked to several psychological states:

  • Anxiety: neutral stimuli feel threatening (over-tagging danger)
  • Depression: reduced salience of rewarding stimuli
  • Psychosis (schizophrenia): aberrant salience (random things feel deeply meaningful)

In your domain (psychology & mental training)

Salience filtering is tightly connected to:

  • Attentional control
  • Neural priming
  • Visualization / mental rehearsal

You may train it:

  • Focus repeatedly on certain cues, they become more salient
  • Use emotional intensity, increases tagging strength
  • Pair attention with intention, biases future perception

This maybe why practices like visualization or hypnotic suggestion can feel powerful, they reprogram what your mind flags as important.

One important reality check

It may feel like salience is revealing hidden truths or external signals, but neurologically: (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST), it’s a selection and weighting system, not a detection of objective importance in the environment. It tells you what your mind prioritizes, not necessarily what is inherently meaningful.

Shervan K Shahhian

Attention Shaping is the deliberate process of training:

Attention shaping is the deliberate process of training, guiding, or conditioning where and how your attention moves, so that over time, it becomes more efficient, stable, and aligned with your goals.

Think of it as sculpting the habits of your awareness, rather than just “trying to focus” in the moment.

What it really means

At a deeper level, attention shaping is about rewiring attentional patterns through repeated experience. Instead of reacting automatically to distractions, you gradually bias your mind toward certain stimuli, thoughts, or tasks.

It operates through principles from Cognitive

Psychology and Neuroscience like:

  • Reinforcement: what you repeatedly attend to becomes easier to attend to
  • Neuroplasticity: attention pathways strengthen with use: (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)
  • Salience filtering: your mind learns what matters and what to ignore

How attention shaping works

Attention shaping typically involves three mechanisms:

1. Selective reinforcement

You consistently bring attention back to a target (task, sensation, idea).
Over time, the mind learns: “this is important.”

Example:
Focusing on your breath in meditation strengthens the ability to return to it.

2. Reduction of competing stimuli

You minimize distractions so attention doesn’t scatter.

Example:
Turning off notifications trains your mind not to expect constant novelty.

3. Cue based guidance

You use cues or triggers to direct attention automatically.

Example:
A golfer focusing on a specific swing cue before each shot, this ties into your interest in performance psychology.

In practice (real world examples)

  • Meditation training: shaping sustained attention and awareness
  • Sports performance: directing attention to key cues (timing, posture, rhythm)
  • Therapy (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy): shifting attention away from rumination toward constructive thought patterns
  • Hypnosis / mental rehearsal: guiding attention inward and narrowing focus

Important distinction

Attention shaping is not just control, it’s conditioning.

  • Control: forcing attention in the moment
  • Shaping: making future attention naturally go where you want

This is why it’s more powerful:

it reduces effort over time.

A deeper psychological insight

Attention shaping gradually builds what you’ve been exploring as:

  • Attentional sovereignty: you decide what gets your awareness
  • Automaticity: attention flows without conscious effort
  • Perceptual biasing: your mind starts seeing what it’s trained to notice

Simple formula

You can think of attention shaping like this:

Repeated focus, reduced distraction, meaningful cues:

trained attention system

Shervan K Shahhian

Synergetic Play Therapy (SPT) is a relationship based therapeutic approach:

Synergetic Play Therapy (SPT) is a relationship based therapeutic approach that may use play as the primary language for helping children regulate emotions, process experiences, and build resilience. It blends traditional play therapy with neuroscience, attachment theory, and mindfulness.

What makes it “synergetic”?

The term refers to the idea that the therapist and child form a co-regulating system. Change doesn’t come just from the client expressing themselves, it emerges from the interaction between the client and therapist.

Instead of the therapist staying neutral, they actively use their own emotional presence to help the client learn regulation.

Core principles

1. Regulation before resolution
SPT prioritizes helping client their nervous system before trying to “fix” behavior.
A dysregulated client can’t process or integrate experiences effectively.

2. The nervous system is central
SPT draws heavily on concepts from interpersonal neurobiology
Play becomes a way to work directly with arousal, stress responses, and emotional states.

3. Co-regulation, self-regulation
The therapist models calm, grounded presence. Over time, the client internalizes this and develops their own regulation skills.

4. Authentic therapist presence
Unlike strictly non-directive models, the therapist may:

  • Set limits
  • Share observations
  • Stay emotionally engaged rather than neutral

How it looks in practice

A session might include:

  • Free play (to access the child’s inner world)
  • Emotional expression through toys, art, or movement
  • Therapist tracking the client ’s internal state (“Your body looks really tight right now…”)
  • Gentle boundary-setting when needed

Example:
If a client becomes aggressive in play, the therapist doesn’t just stop the behavior, they help the client notice and regulate the underlying activation.

What it’s used for

SPT is commonly applied with children experiencing:

  • Anxiety or emotional dysregulation
  • Trauma or attachment disruptions
  • Behavioral challenges
  • ADHD-related impulsivity
  • Social or relational difficulties

How it differs from classic play therapy

ApproachTherapist roleFocus
Child-Centered Play TherapyMostly non-directiveExpression & self-discovery
Synergetic Play TherapyActively engaged, regulating partnerNervous system + relationship

Why it’s effective

SPT aligns with modern neuroscience:

  • Emotional regulation is learned through relationships
  • The body (not just cognition) stores and processes experience
  • Safe relational experiences reshape neural pathways

A grounded perspective

Given your background in psychology and interest in deeper mechanisms:
SPT is not about mystical or external influences, it’s rooted in observable processes like:

  • autonomic regulation
  • attachment dynamics
  • mirror neuron systems

It can feel powerful or even “intuitive,” but its mechanisms are well explained within developmental and clinical science.

Shervan K Shahhian

The NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM) is a contemporary therapeutic approach:

The NeuroAffective Relational Model (NARM) is a contemporary therapeutic approach designed to treat developmental trauma, the kind that arises from chronic early-life experiences like neglect, misattunement, or inconsistent caregiving, rather than single shocking events.

Core Idea (in plain terms)

NARM looks at how early relational experiences shape:

  • your identity
  • your emotional regulation
  • your sense of connection to self and others

Instead of asking “What happened to you?” it also asks:

“How did you adapt to survive, and how are those adaptations affecting you now?”

The 5 Developmental Survival Styles

NARM proposes that people develop patterns to cope with unmet needs in childhood:

  1. Connection: Difficulty feeling belonging or connection
  2. Attunement: Disconnection from one’s own needs
  3. Trust: Issues with reliance and safety in relationships
  4. Autonomy: Trouble asserting oneself or setting boundaries
  5. Love/Sexuality: Conflicts around intimacy and self-worth

These aren’t “pathologies”, they’re intelligent adaptations that once helped you survive.

How NARM Works in Therapy

Unlike traditional trauma models that focus heavily on past events, NARM emphasizes:

1. Present Moment Awareness

  • Focus on what is happening right now in your body and emotions
  • Tracks patterns as they arise in real time

2. Identity Level Healing

  • Works with core beliefs like:
    • “I’m not enough”
    • “I don’t matter”
  • These are seen as adaptations, not truths

3. Relational Healing

  • The therapist-client relationship becomes a corrective emotional experience
  • Emphasis on authenticity and mutual presence

4. Bottom Up, Top Down Integration

  • Combines body awareness (bottom-up) with cognitive insight (top-down)

What Makes NARM Different

Compared to something like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or classic Psychoanalysis:

  • It doesn’t pathologize symptoms
  • It avoids over-identifying with trauma narratives
  • It focuses on agency, not just wounds
  • It works directly with shame and identity, not just behavior

Example

Someone who grew up feeling unseen might:

  • Adapt by becoming hyper independent
  • Develop a belief: “I don’t need anyone”

NARM would gently explore:

  • The cost of that adaptation today
  • The longing underneath it
  • The possibility of reconnecting safely

Why It’s Gaining Attention

NARM aligns with modern understandings of:

  • Attachment Theory
  • Neuroscience
  • The role of implicit memory and regulation

It’s especially useful for:

  • Chronic relationship patterns
  • Identity issues
  • Complex trauma (often called C-PTSD)

A grounded note

NARM is a legitimate, clinically used model, but like all therapies:

  • It’s not a universal solution
  • Effectiveness depends on the therapist and the client fit
  • Shervan K Shahhian

Controlled Attentional Training, explained:

Controlled attentional training could be a structured way of deliberately directing, stabilizing, and shifting your attention instead of letting it be pulled around automatically by thoughts, emotions, or external stimuli.

At its core, it treats attention like a trainable system, similar to a muscle, rather than something fixed.

What it actually means

You’re practicing three core abilities:

1. Sustained attention
Holding focus on one target (breath, task, image) without drifting.

2. Attentional shifting
Moving your focus intentionally from one thing to another.

3. Attentional inhibition
Ignoring distractions, both internal (thoughts, anxiety) and external (noise, interruptions).

Why it matters (psychologically)

Controlled attentional training directly affects:

  • Anxiety regulation: (reduces rumination loops)
  • Performance under pressure: (keeps cognition task-focused)
  • Cognitive flexibility: (ability to switch perspectives)
  • Automaticity: (lets trained skills run without interference)

It could be used in approaches like:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
  • Attention Training Technique (from metacognitive therapy)

What it looks like in practice

Here are a few classic training methods:

1. Focus anchoring

Pick a single anchor (breath, sound, visual point).

  • Hold attention on it
  • When distraction happens, gently return

This builds control, not suppression.

2. Structured attention shifting

You deliberately move attention in a pattern:

  • Sound, body sensation, visual object, thought, back to sound

This trains flexibility instead of fixation.

3. Open monitoring

Instead of focusing narrowly:

  • Observe whatever arises (thoughts, feelings, sensations)
  • Don’t engage, just notice and release

This weakens attentional capture by intrusive thoughts.

4. Task-embedded training

You apply control during real activities:

  • Reading without re-scanning
  • Staying present in conversation
  • Performing under pressure (sports, speaking)

This is where it becomes functional, not just meditative.

A simple 5 minute protocol

Try this:

  1. Focus on your breath for 1 minute
  2. Shift to sounds for 1 minute
  3. Shift to body sensations for 1 minute
  4. Open awareness (anything that arises) for 1 minute
  5. Return to breath for 1 minute

The key is not perfection, it’s regaining control each time attention drifts.

A useful way to think about it

Untrained attention is:

reactive, sticky, and easily hijacked

Trained attention becomes:

intentional, flexible, and stable

Shervan K Shahhian

Anxiety Reduction Techniques:

Anxiety reduction may not be just one single technique, it could be a combination of how you regulate your body, attention, and interpretation of events. Since anxiety maybe both physiological and cognitive, effective reduction works on multiple levels at once.

Here’s a, grounded breakdown:

1. Regulate the Body First (fastest impact)

Anxiety may begin in the nervous system, before thoughts fully form, (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)

  • Slow breathing (4–6 breaths/minute) activates the parasympathetic response
  • Muscle relaxation reduces physical tension loops
  • Movement (walking, light exercise) burns off stress hormones

This may directly reduce symptoms associated with Anxiety.

2. Stabilize Attention

Anxiety may thrive on scattered or future-focused attention.

  • Bring focus to sensory input (what you see, hear, feel)
  • Use attentional anchoring (breath, body, or a simple task)
  • Limit mental “time travel” into imagined outcomes

This counters what’s often called attentional hijacking.

3. Change the Thought Loop (Cognitive Layer)

Anxiety may often be driven by distorted predictions.

Core distortions:

  • Catastrophizing (“This will go badly”)
  • Overgeneralizing (“It always happens”)
  • Mind-reading (“They think I’m failing”)

Techniques:

  • Cognitive reframing: Replace “What if this goes wrong?”, “What’s most likely?”
  • Probability correction: Estimate realistic odds
  • Cognitive diffusion (from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy): see thoughts as events, not facts

4. Behavioral Exposure (long-term reduction)

Avoidance keeps anxiety alive.

  • Gradually face the feared situation
  • Stay long enough for anxiety to decrease naturally
  • Repeat until the brain relearns safety

This maybe one of the most evidence-based methods in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

5. Train Automatic Calm Responses

You may condition calm the same way anxiety gets conditioned.

  • Pair relaxation and trigger imagery
  • Use mental rehearsal of calm performance
  • Build automaticity so calm becomes default under pressure

6. Reduce Baseline Vulnerability

Anxiety could be much easier to trigger when your baseline is off.

  • Sleep quality
  • Caffeine/stimulant intake
  • Chronic stress load
  • Social isolation

These don’t cause all anxiety, but they lower your threshold.

7. Optional Advanced Layer

You might appreciate this angle:

  • Anxiety can be seen as misdirected predictive processing
  • The mind is constantly simulating future states
  • Reduction: improving prediction accuracy, control over attention

Practices like:

  • Visualization (correctly used)
  • Self-hypnosis
  • Controlled attentional training

…can reshape those predictive loops.

Simple Practical Protocol (2–5 minutes)

If you want something immediate:

Slow breath (inhale 4, exhale 6) for ~2 minutes

Name 5 things you can perceive (grounding)

    Relax shoulders/jaw consciously

    Shervan K Shahhian

    Visualization is the mental process:

    Visualization is the mental process of creating or recreating experiences in your mind using imagination, essentially “seeing” without your eyes, but it can also involve other senses.

    At a deeper level, could be tied to how the mind simulates reality. When you vividly imagine an action or scenario, many of the same neural pathways activate as if you were actually doing it. This is why visualization is widely used in performance psychology, therapy, and skill training.

    What Visualization Actually Involves

    It may not be just “seeing images.” Strong visualization typically includes:

    • Visual imagery: pictures, scenes, colors, movement
    • Kinesthetic imagery: body sensations (muscle tension, balance, motion)
    • Auditory imagery: sounds, voices, environment
    • Emotional tone: how the situation feels internally

    The more senses involved, the more effective it maybe to be.

    How It Works (Psychologically & Neurologically)

    Visualization may work through a few key mechanisms:

    • Neural simulation: The mind doesn’t fully distinguish between vividly imagined and real experiences
    • Priming: It prepares your nervous system for a specific outcome or behavior, (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)
    • Attention shaping: It directs what you notice and how you respond in real situations
    • Memory encoding: It builds “reference experiences” even before they happen

    This maybe closely related to concepts like mental rehearsal and neural priming, which you’ve been exploring.

    Types of Visualization

    1. Outcome Visualization
      • Imagining the end result (success, winning, confidence)
    2. Process Visualization(more powerful for performance)
      • Mentally rehearsing each step of an action (golf swing, public speaking flow)
    3. Coping Visualization
      • Imagining challenges and successfully handling them

    A Simple Example

    If someone is preparing for a presentation:

    • They imagine walking onto the stage
    • Feel their posture steady
    • Hear their voice coming out clearly
    • See the audience engaged
    • Experience calm focus instead of anxiety

    That mental run-through conditions their mind and body to respond that way in reality.

    Important Reality Check

    Visualization may not be magic or manifestation in the mystical sense. It doesn’t change external reality by itself. What it may do is:

    • Change internal state
    • Improve performance readiness
    • Increase behavioral consistency

    The outcome may improve because your actions become more aligned and efficient, not because reality bends to thought.

    Where It’s Used

    • Sports psychology (elite athletes use it extensively)
    • Clinical psychology (anxiety reduction, exposure therapy)
    • Skill acquisition (motor learning, speaking, performance)
    • High-performance training (military, aviation, even surgery)
    • Shervan K Shahhian

    Cognitive Freezing is a mental state where your thinking temporarily “locks up”:

    Cognitive freezing is a mental state where your thinking temporarily “locks up” under pressure, stress, or overload. Instead of processing information fluidly, your mind becomes rigid, blank, or stuck, making it hard to decide, respond, or even recall what you know.

    It’s essentially the cognitive version of the fight, flight, freeze response, a well-known survival mechanism in psychology.

    What’s happening in the mind

    Cognitive freezing could be closely tied to the fight or flight response. When a situation feels threatening (physically or psychologically):

    • The amygdala detects danger and activates stress signals (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)
    • Stress hormones like cortisol surge (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)
    • The prefrontal cortex (responsible for reasoning and decision-making) becomes less active (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)

    Result: thinking narrows or shuts down entirely

    How it feels

    People experiencing cognitive freezing may often report:

    • goes blank (“I knew this, but now I can’t think”)
    • Inability to make even simple decisions
    • Slowed reaction time
    • Feeling mentally paralyzed or stuck
    • Reduced verbal fluency (words don’t come out)

    Common triggers

    • Performance pressure (public speaking, exams, sports)
    • Social evaluation or fear of judgment
    • Sudden unexpected situations
    • High cognitive load (too much information at once)
    • Anxiety or trauma-related cues

    Why it exists

    From an evolutionary perspective, freezing maybe adaptive:

    • It can prevent impulsive mistakes
    • It allows rapid threat assessment
    • In extreme danger, “playing dead” can be protective

    But in modern settings (like presentations or tests), it becomes maladaptive.

    How to reduce cognitive freezing

    1. Pre-load the mind (mental rehearsal)
    Repeated simulation reduces uncertainty, so the mind doesn’t interpret the situation as a threat.

    2. Down-regulate stress quickly

    • Slow breathing (4–6 seconds inhale/exhale)
    • Grounding attention in physical sensations

    3. Use cognitive “anchors”

    • Simple pre-planned cues like: “Just start with the first sentence”
    • Break tasks into automatic chunks

    4. Train automaticity
    The more a skill is automatic, the less it relies on the prefrontal cortex under stress.

    5. Reframe the threat
    Shift interpretation from danger, challenge, which reduces amygdala overactivation.

    A useful way to think about it

    Cognitive freezing isn’t a lack of ability, it could be a temporary access problem.
    The knowledge is still there, but stress blocks retrieval.

    Shervan K Shahhian

    Mental Rehearsal is a structured way of simulating performance:

    Mental rehearsal (often called mental practice) is a structured way of simulating performance in your mind, so the mind and body treat it as real experience. It’s widely used in sports psychology, performing arts, and high-stakes professions.

    Here’s how you may use it effectively, without turning it into vague “visualization.”

    1. Define the Exact Performance Target

    Be precise. Don’t rehearse “doing well”, rehearse specific actions.

    • A golfer: the exact swing sequence
    • A speaker: opening lines and pacing
    • Tone, presence, and listening responses

    Your mind encodes specificity, not general intention.

    2. Use Multi-Sensory Simulation

    Strong rehearsal may not just visual, it’s embodied.

    Include:

    • Visual: What do you see?
    • Auditory: Sounds, voice tone, environment
    • Kinesthetic: Muscle tension, posture, movement
    • Emotional: Calm focus, controlled intensity

    The closer this matches reality, the more it activates neural circuits similar to actual execution.

    3. Rehearse From First-Person Perspective

    Use through your own eyes perspective (not watching yourself like a movie).

    This engages motor planning areas in the mind, similar to real performance.

    4. Slow It Down First

    Start in slow motion:

    • Break the performance into chunks
    • Refine technique mentally
    • Then gradually bring it up to real-time speed

    This maybe similar to how elite athletes encode precision.

    5. Include “Pressure Conditions”

    Don’t only rehearse perfect conditions, add controlled stress:

    • Audience watching you
    • Unexpected disruption
    • Slight mistake recovery

    This builds psychological flexibility, not just ideal execution.

    6. Always End With Successful Completion

    Even if you simulate difficulty, finish with success.

    This conditions:

    • Confidence expectancy
    • Emotional closure
    • Reduced anticipatory anxiety

    7. Add a Trigger (Conditioning Element)

    Pair the mental rehearsal with a cue:

    • A breath pattern
    • A word (“steady,” “execute”)
    • A physical anchor (pressing fingers together)

    Over time, this becomes a performance switch.

    8. Keep It Short but Frequent

    • 5–10 minutes per session
    • 1–2 times daily
    • Consistency, duration

    The mind learns through repetition, not marathon sessions.

    9. Combine With Real Practice

    Mental rehearsal is not a substitute, it’s a multiplier.

    Best results come when paired with:

    • Physical practice
    • Immediate feedback
    • Reflection loops

    10. Use Error-Rehearsal Strategically

    Mentally rehearse:

    • Mistake, correction, recovery

    This prevents:

    • Panic responses
    • Cognitive freezing
    • Overreaction to minor errors

    What’s Actually Happening (Mechanism)

    Mental rehearsal leverages:

    • Neural priming (pre-activating circuits)
    • Motor cortex simulation
    • Reduced threat response via familiarity
    • Strengthening of procedural memory

    In short: your mind may start treating the performance as already experienced.

    A Simple Protocol (You Can Use Immediately)

    Close your eyes, regulate breathing (30–60 sec)

    Set a clear intention (what exactly you’re rehearsing)

    Run the performance in vivid first-person detail

    Add one challenge and successfully handle it

    End with a clean, confident finish

    Repeat 2–3 times

    Shervan K Shahhian

    Neural Priming is the process:

    Neural priming is the process by which previous exposure to a thought, image, word, movement, or experience makes the mind respond faster and more efficiently the next time it encounters something related.

    In simple terms:

    The nervous system becomes “pre-activated.” (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)

    A prior stimulus leaves a temporary pattern in neural circuits, so the next related action or perception requires less effort.

    Example

    If someone repeatedly imagines:

    • a smooth golf swing
    • calm breathing
    • successful contact

    the mind begins to create a more accessible pathway for that pattern.

    Later, when they actually swing:

    • reaction is quicker
    • confidence feels more natural
    • movement can feel more automatic

    because the relevant neural networks were already partially activated.

    What happens in the mind

    Neural priming can involve:

    1. Lower activation threshold

    Neurons need less stimulation to fire. (CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST)

    2. Faster pathway recruitment

    Previously used circuits activate more rapidly.

    3. Reduced conscious effort

    The task feels more automatic.

    4. Stronger association

    Related ideas become linked together.

    Example:
    Calm, focus, performance

    Becomes easier to trigger as one chain.

    Types of neural priming

    Perceptual priming

    Recognizing something faster because you’ve seen it before.

    Example:
    Seeing a face once makes later recognition easier.

    Conceptual priming

    A previous idea influences later thinking.

    Example:
    Hearing “confidence” can unconsciously influence posture and speech.

    Motor priming

    Previous movement prepares future movement.

    Example:
    Athletes mentally rehearsing performance.

    Neural priming in performance psychology

    It may help with:

    • sports
    • public speaking
    • confidence
    • learning
    • emotional regulation

    By repeatedly pairing:

    • relaxation
    • focus
    • successful imagery

    The mind starts treating that state as familiar.

    In hypnosis or suggestion

    Neural priming often occurs when:

    • language introduces expectation
    • imagery activates sensory networks
    • repetition strengthens response

    For example:
    “Each breath takes you deeper into focus.”

    That phrase can prime:

    • breathing
    • relaxation
    • attentional narrowing

    Simultaneously.

    Why it matters

    Because the mind often performs better with:
    Familiar neural patterns than novel ones.

    Priming helps create:
    Preparedness before action happens.

    Short definition

    Neural priming: preparing the mind in advance so future thoughts, feelings, or actions happen more easily.

    Shervan K Shahhian