Tag Archives: mental-health

Standard EMDR processes:

Standard EMDR processes:

EMDR, or Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, is a psychotherapy approach developed by Francine Shapiro to help people process distressing memories. It’s particularly effective for individuals who have experienced trauma. The standard EMDR protocol involves the following phases:

History-taking and Treatment Planning:

  • The therapist gathers information about the client’s history and identifies target memories or events to be processed.
  • Treatment goals and a plan are discussed.

Preparation:

  • The therapist explains the EMDR process and helps the client develop coping mechanisms and relaxation techniques.
  • Establishing trust and rapport is crucial during this phase.

Assessment:

  • The target memory or event is identified, and the client is asked to recall the distressing image, negative self-belief, and related emotions and body sensations.
  • The client rates the subjective level of distress associated with the memory.

Desensitization:

  • The client focuses on the target memory while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, typically through side-to-side eye movements guided by the therapist.
  • Sets of eye movements are repeated until the distress associated with the memory decreases.

Installation:

  • Positive beliefs and emotions are targeted to replace the negative ones associated with the memory.
  • The client is guided to focus on a positive cognition while engaging in bilateral stimulation.

Body Scan:

  • The client is guided to notice any residual tension or discomfort in the body related to the memory.
  • Bilateral stimulation is used to help process any remaining distress.

Closure:

  • The therapist ensures that the client is in a stable state before ending the session.
  • The client is provided with tools for self-regulation between sessions.

Reevaluation:

  • At the beginning of each session, the therapist checks for any new material or associations related to the target memory.
  • If necessary, additional processing is done.

It’s important to note that while the standard EMDR protocol includes these phases, the approach is flexible and can be adapted based on the individual’s needs and circumstances. EMDR should be conducted by a trained and licensed mental health professional.

Shervan K Shahhian

EMDR might not be a Magic pill, why:

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy approach that was originally developed to treat individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While many people have reported positive outcomes with EMDR, it is essential to understand that it is not a “magic pill” or a one-size-fits-all solution for everyone. Here are some reasons why EMDR may not be effective for everyone:

Individual Differences: People are unique, and what works for one person may not work as effectively for another. Some individuals may respond better to different therapeutic approaches based on their personality, experiences, and preferences.

Complexity of Trauma: While EMDR has shown success in treating PTSD, trauma is a complex and multifaceted experience. Some individuals may have multiple layers of trauma or may be dealing with additional mental health issues that require a more comprehensive treatment approach.

Therapist Competence: The effectiveness of EMDR is also influenced by the competence and skill of the therapist. A trained and experienced EMDR therapist is crucial for the proper administration of the therapy. If the therapist lacks skill or does not follow the prescribed protocols, the effectiveness of the treatment may be compromised.

Underlying Issues: EMDR may not address underlying issues that contribute to a person’s mental health challenges. For some individuals, a combination of therapeutic approaches or additional interventions may be necessary to address the root causes of their difficulties.

Not a Cure-All: EMDR is a tool within the broader field of psychotherapy. It may be effective for certain conditions, such as PTSD, but it may not be the most appropriate or effective treatment for other mental health disorders or issues.

Client Readiness: The success of EMDR and any therapeutic approach is also influenced by the client’s readiness and willingness to engage in the process. If an individual is not open to or ready for the therapy, its effectiveness may be limited.

It’s crucial to approach mental health treatment with an understanding that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The effectiveness of any therapeutic approach, including EMDR, depends on various factors, and it may be necessary to explore different modalities or combinations of treatments to find what works best for an individual. Additionally, consulting with a mental health professional to determine the most appropriate treatment for a specific situation is always advisable.

Shervan K Shahhian

Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) , what is that:

Subjective units of Distress scale (SUDS) , what is that:

The Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) is a self-reporting scale used in psychology and therapy to measure the intensity of a person’s subjective emotional distress or anxiety. It is a numerical rating scale that typically ranges from 0 to 100, with higher numbers indicating higher levels of distress.

Individuals are asked to rate their current level of distress or anxiety on the scale based on their own subjective experience. This allows therapists, counselors, or researchers to obtain a quantifiable measure of the person’s emotional state. SUDS is commonly used in various therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy, to assess changes in distress levels over time or in response to specific interventions.

For example, in exposure therapy, a person may gradually confront a feared situation or object, and their SUDS rating is taken before, during, and after the exposure to track the reduction in distress over time. It provides a useful tool for both clients and therapists to communicate and monitor progress in the treatment of anxiety-related conditions.

Shervan K Shahhian

Validity of cognition, what is it:

Validity of cognition, what is it:

The validity of cognition refers to the extent to which cognitive processes, such as thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving, accurately reflect or correspond to the real world. In other words, it assesses whether the conclusions or beliefs derived from cognitive processes are true, accurate, and reliable.

Validity is a crucial concept in psychology and cognitive science, particularly when designing and evaluating tests, experiments, or assessments that measure cognitive abilities or processes. There are different types of validity, including:

Content Validity: This relates to how well a test or assessment measures the content it is intended to measure. For example, a math test should assess mathematical skills and not unrelated abilities.

Construct Validity: This assesses whether a test truly measures the theoretical construct or concept it is supposed to measure. It involves examining the underlying theoretical basis of the cognitive process being studied.

Criterion-Related Validity: This assesses how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another criterion. It includes two subtypes:

  • Concurrent Validity: The extent to which a test or measure correlates with a criterion that is measured at the same time.
  • Predictive Validity: The extent to which a test predicts future performance or behavior.

Ensuring the validity of cognitive processes and assessments is crucial for drawing accurate conclusions and making meaningful interpretations. Researchers and psychologists use various methods and statistical analyses to establish and verify the validity of cognitive measures in order to have confidence in the results and conclusions derived from their studies.

Shervan K Shahhian

History of Head injuries and Depression Connection:

History of Head injuries and Depression Connection:

The relationship between head injuries and depression has been studied extensively, and while there is a clear association, the exact mechanisms are complex and not fully understood. Here’s a brief overview of the history and understanding of the connection between head injuries and depression:

Early Observations:

  • Historically, there have been observations of changes in mood and behavior following head injuries, even dating back centuries.
  • Ancient texts describe alterations in mental state after traumatic brain injuries.

20th Century Advances:

  • In the 20th century, with advancements in neurology and psychiatry, researchers began to systematically study the effects of head injuries on mental health.
  • It became evident that even mild traumatic brain injuries (concussions) could lead to emotional and psychological symptoms.

Concussions and Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBIs):

  • The link between concussions and depression gained attention, especially in the context of sports-related injuries, such as in boxing and American football.
  • Studies began to show that even seemingly minor head injuries could have long-term consequences on mental health.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE):

  • CTE, a progressive neurodegenerative disease found in individuals with a history of repetitive head injuries, has been associated with depression and other mood disorders.
  • Initially identified in boxers (as “punch-drunk syndrome”), it gained broader recognition in the context of American football players and other contact sports.

Neurobiological Mechanisms:

  • Research has delved into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the association. Head injuries can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, affecting areas involved in mood regulation.
  • Disruptions in neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin, have been implicated in post-head injury depression.

Psychosocial Factors:

  • The psychological impact of a head injury, including the potential for changes in self-identity, social relationships, and lifestyle, can contribute to the development of depression.
  • Coping with the physical and cognitive consequences of a head injury can be challenging and may exacerbate depressive symptoms.

Treatment and Rehabilitation:

  • Understanding the relationship between head injuries and depression is crucial for developing effective treatments and rehabilitation strategies.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches that address both the physical and psychological aspects of recovery are increasingly recognized as important.

Ongoing Research:

  • Research in this area is ongoing, and advancements in neuroimaging, genetics, and other fields continue to shed light on the intricate connections between head injuries and mental health.

It’s important to note that while there is a well-established association between head injuries and depression, not everyone who experiences a head injury will develop depression, and individual responses can vary widely. Early detection, appropriate medical care, and support are critical for individuals at risk of or experiencing depression following a head injury.

Shervan K Shahhian

Eight phases of EMDR, what are they:

Eight phases of EMDR, what are they:

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach commonly used to treat trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR involves a structured eight-phase process to help individuals process distressing memories and experiences. The eight phases of EMDR are as follows:

History-taking and Treatment Planning:

  • The therapist gathers information about the client’s history, trauma experiences, and current symptoms.
  • Treatment goals are established, and the therapist and client collaborate on a treatment plan.

Preparation:

  • The therapist educates the client about the EMDR process and helps them develop coping strategies to manage emotional distress.
  • Establishing a therapeutic alliance and building trust between the client and therapist is crucial in this phase.

Assessment:

  • Specific target memories or experiences are identified for processing.
  • Associated negative beliefs about oneself and positive beliefs are determined.
  • Disturbing emotions and physical sensations related to the target are assessed.

Desensitization:

  • The client focuses on the identified target memory while simultaneously engaging in bilateral stimulation, typically through side-to-side eye movements, auditory tones, or other forms of bilateral stimulation.
  • The goal is to facilitate the processing of the traumatic memory, reducing its emotional charge.

Installation:

  • Positive beliefs are targeted and strengthened through bilateral stimulation.
  • The positive cognition is associated with the previously disturbing memory.

Body Scan:

  • The client identifies and addresses any residual physical tension or discomfort associated with the targeted memory.
  • Bilateral stimulation is used to help release any remaining physical tension.

Closure:

  • The therapist ensures that the client is in a stable state before ending the session.
  • Coping strategies are reinforced, and the client is encouraged to use them between sessions.

Reevaluation:

  • In subsequent sessions, the therapist and client review progress and address any remaining issues.
  • Additional memories or aspects may be targeted for processing if needed.

It’s important to note that EMDR should be conducted by a trained and licensed mental health professional. The eight phases provide a structured framework for the therapeutic process, helping individuals work through and integrate traumatic experiences.

Shervan K Shahhian

The importance of Workplace satisfaction:

The importance of Workplace satisfaction:

Workplace satisfaction is crucial for several reasons, as it directly impacts both employees and organizations. Here are some key reasons why workplace satisfaction is important:

Employee Retention: Satisfied employees are more likely to stay with an organization. High turnover can be costly and disruptive, so retaining skilled and experienced staff is crucial for the stability and success of a company.

Productivity: Satisfied employees are generally more engaged and motivated. They tend to be more productive, as they are likely to put in extra effort and go beyond their basic job responsibilities. A positive work environment fosters creativity and innovation, leading to increased overall productivity.

Employee Well-Being: Workplace satisfaction contributes to the overall well-being of employees. When individuals feel supported, respected, and appreciated at work, it positively impacts their mental and physical health. This, in turn, can lead to reduced absenteeism, lower stress levels, and a better work-life balance.

Company Reputation: A satisfied workforce often speaks positively about their workplace. This positive word-of-mouth can enhance the company’s reputation, making it more attractive to potential employees and customers. A good reputation can be a competitive advantage in the talent market and can positively influence the perception of products and services.

Employee Engagement: Satisfied employees are more likely to be engaged in their work. Engagement is crucial for organizational success as engaged employees are more committed, take initiative, and are willing to invest in the company’s success.

Innovation and Creativity: Job satisfaction fosters a positive and open work environment, which is conducive to innovation and creativity. Employees who feel supported and valued are more likely to share ideas, collaborate, and contribute to the organization’s growth and development.

Customer Satisfaction: Satisfied employees often lead to satisfied customers. Employees who are content in their roles are more likely to provide better customer service, creating positive experiences for clients and customers.

Cost Savings: High turnover and absenteeism can be expensive for organizations. Investing in workplace satisfaction can lead to cost savings by reducing recruitment and training expenses associated with a constantly changing workforce.

Employee Development: Organizations that prioritize employee satisfaction are more likely to invest in professional development and training programs. This not only benefits the employees by enhancing their skills but also contributes to the overall growth and adaptability of the organization.

In summary, workplace satisfaction is a multifaceted aspect that impacts various facets of an organization, from employee well-being and retention to productivity, innovation, and overall company reputation. Prioritizing workplace satisfaction is an investment in the success and sustainability of the organization.

Shervan K Shahhian

Some People turn to religion to deal with Grief:

Some People look into religion to deal with Grief:

Yes, many people turn to religion as a source of comfort and support when dealing with grief. Religion can provide a framework for understanding the meaning of life, death, and the afterlife. It often offers rituals, ceremonies, and community support that can help individuals navigate the difficult emotions associated with loss.

Religious beliefs can offer solace by providing a sense of purpose, hope for an afterlife, and the belief that the departed loved one is in a better place. Additionally, religious communities often come together to offer emotional support, prayers, and practical assistance to those who are grieving.

However, it’s essential to note that people cope with grief in various ways, and religious beliefs are just one of many potential sources of comfort. Some individuals may find solace in philosophy, personal reflection, therapy, or support from friends and family outside of a religious context.

Ultimately, how someone copes with grief is a deeply personal and individual experience, and different people may find different approaches helpful.

Shervan K Shahhian