Author Archives: Shervan K Shahhian, LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Most Comprehensive Online Library Regarding Mental Health, Psychology and Parapsychology in the World.
Doctored Degree in Clinical Psychology (PSYD) (ABD) All But Dissertation, a Masters (M.A.) in Clinical Psychology, a Bachelor's Degree (B.A.) in Psychology, a Associate Degree (AA) in Liberal Arts with an emphases in Psychology, Certification in Anger Management, Certification in MRT-Moral Reconation Therapy®, Certification in Clinical Hypnotherapy, and Certification in Advanced Hypnotherapy.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) triggers are thoughts, situations, or experiences that provoke obsessive thoughts and/or compulsive behaviors. These triggers vary from person to person but often fall into common categories.
Here are some of the most frequently reported OCD triggers:
Common OCD Triggers by Theme:
1. Contamination
Touching doorknobs, public toilets, money, or other “unclean” objects
Being around sick people
Dirt, germs, or bodily fluids (saliva, sweat, blood)
2. Harm or Responsibility
Fear of accidentally harming someone (e.g., leaving the stove on, hitting someone with a car)
Intrusive thoughts of causing harm (e.g., stabbing a loved one)
Responsibility-related guilt or fear of being blamed
3. Symmetry and Order
Items not being perfectly aligned
Uneven numbers or “wrong” arrangements
Needing to perform tasks in a certain pattern or order
4. Sexual or Violent Intrusions
Disturbing sexual thoughts about children, relatives, or inappropriate partners
Intrusive images or urges of violent acts
Fear that thoughts mean you’re a bad or dangerous person
5. Religious or Moral Scrupulosity
Fear of offending God or violating religious rules
Obsessive praying or confessing
Intrusive blasphemous thoughts
6. Relationship OCD
Doubts about loving one’s partner
Intrusive thoughts about infidelity (on your part or theirs)
Constant need for reassurance about the relationship
7. Health-Related OCD (Hypochondria overlap)
Obsessions about having a serious illness
Bodily checking or Googling symptoms excessively
8. Superstitions and Magical Thinking
Fear something bad will happen unless a ritual is done
Assigning meaning to numbers, colors, or patterns
Triggering Situations or Events
Stressful life changes (e.g., moving, job change, illness)
Watching or reading the news
Visiting certain places (e.g., hospitals, religious sites)
Conversations that touch on taboo subjects
Fatigue, hunger, or hormonal changes (can lower resistance to obsessions)
Notes:
Triggers don’t cause OCD, but they activate existing symptoms.
Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), a core CBT method, helps reduce sensitivity to triggers.
Avoidance of triggers often strengthens OCD in the long run.
Great! Here’s a structured curriculum for Arts of Living Exercises (ALE) designed especially for a psychologist and parapsychology student like yourself — blending psychospiritual development, consciousness training, and applied intuition (e.g., CRV, PSI work, contact).
Arts of Living Exercises (ALE) — 12-Week Curriculum
Great question! Understanding unresolved trauma is really important for mental and emotional health.
Here’s a clear overview:
What is Unresolved Trauma?
Unresolved trauma refers to past traumatic experiences that have not been fully processed or healed. These experiences continue to affect a person’s emotions, thoughts, behaviors, and physical health, often without the person being fully aware of it.
How Does Trauma Become “Unresolved”?
When a traumatic event happens, the brain and body often get overwhelmed.
Ideally, with time and support, people process the trauma, integrate it into their life story, and heal.
But if the trauma is too intense, too prolonged, or if there’s no adequate support, the trauma can get “stuck” in the nervous system and subconscious mind.
The person may unconsciously avoid or suppress memories or feelings related to the trauma, leaving it unresolved.
Signs of Unresolved Trauma
Intrusive memories or flashbacks
Nightmares or sleep disturbances
Emotional numbness or avoidance of certain people or places
Hypervigilance or easily startled
Difficulty trusting others or forming relationships
Chronic anxiety, depression, or mood swings
Physical symptoms like unexplained pain or fatigue
Why Does Unresolved Trauma Matter?
Unresolved trauma can influence how you:
React to stress
Relate to others
Manage emotions
Make decisions
Maintain physical health
It can also contribute to mental health disorders like PTSD, depression, or anxiety.
How to Begin Healing Unresolved Trauma
Awareness: Recognizing that past trauma might be affecting your current life.
Seeking support: Therapy is very helpful, especially trauma-informed approaches like EMDR, somatic therapy, or cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Self-care: Building safety in your body through mindfulness, grounding techniques, and healthy routines.
Safe processing: Gradually working through the trauma with professional guidance, not rushing but allowing healing at your own pace.
Specific Trauma Healing Methods:
Absolutely! Here are some specific and well-established trauma healing methods that are commonly used in therapy and self-help settings:
1. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing)
Developed to help process traumatic memories.
Involves guided eye movements or other bilateral stimulation while recalling traumatic events.
Helps the brain reprocess the memories so they become less distressing.
Particularly effective for PTSD and unresolved trauma.
2. Somatic Experiencing
Focuses on the body’s physical sensations related to trauma.
Helps release trauma that’s “stuck” in the nervous system through body awareness, breathing, and movement.
Teaches clients to notice and regulate their physiological responses.
3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for Trauma
Works on identifying and changing negative thought patterns related to trauma.
Helps develop healthier coping strategies.
Trauma-focused CBT is tailored to address traumatic memories and related symptoms.
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS or HAM-D) is one of the most widely used clinician-administered depression assessment tools. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1960, it’s primarily used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms in individuals already diagnosed with depression.
Purpose:
To quantify the severity of depression in adults and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment over time.
Structure:
The original version includes 17 items (HDRS-17), though extended versions can have up to 21 or 24 items.
Each item is scored by the clinician based on the patient’s symptoms over the past week.
Scoring:
Each item is rated on either a 3-point or 5-point scale:
0 = Absent
Higher scores indicate greater severity.
Common Items Include:
Depressed mood
Feelings of guilt
Suicide ideation
Insomnia (early, middle, late)
Work and activities
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Anxiety (psychic and somatic)
Somatic symptoms (gastrointestinal, general)
Hypochondriasis
Loss of weight
Insight
Interpretation (HDRS-17 Total Score):
Score Range Depression Severity0–7Normal (no depression)8–13Mild depression14–18Moderate depression19–22Severe depression≥23Very severe depression
Notes:
Requires a trained clinician to administer.
Subject to inter-rater variability if not standardized.
Best used in conjunction with clinical judgment and other diagnostic tools.
Hedonia is a concept in psychology and philosophy that refers to the pursuit of pleasure and immediate gratification. It’s about seeking experiences that feel good and avoiding pain or discomfort. In simple terms, hedonia is about happiness through pleasure.
Key Points About Hedonia:
Focus on pleasure: Hedonia emphasizes feeling good right now — enjoying sensory pleasures like tasty food, fun activities, or relaxation.
Immediate satisfaction: It’s about short-term happiness and avoiding unpleasant experiences.
Opposite concept: Hedonia is often contrasted with eudaimonia, which is about finding deeper meaning, purpose, and personal growth rather than just pleasure.
Examples of Hedonia:
Eating your favorite dessert.
Watching a funny movie.
Taking a relaxing vacation.
Buying something that makes you feel good.
Hedonia in Psychology:
Hedonic well-being refers to happiness derived from positive emotions and satisfaction.
It’s a part of subjective well-being — how people feel about their lives emotionally.
Hedonia alone isn’t always enough for lasting happiness; many psychologists argue that combining hedonia with eudaimonia leads to a more fulfilling life.
Let’s break down how hedonia fits into well-being and how it differs from eudaimonia, as these are two major concepts in the psychology of happiness and human flourishing.
Hedonia and Well-Being
Hedonia is a core component of what’s called subjective well-being — how people experience the quality of their lives based on their emotions and life satisfaction.
In this model:
Hedonic well-being includes:
Positive affect (joy, pleasure, comfort)
Low negative affect (little stress or anxiety)
Life satisfaction (general contentment)
It focuses on feeling good — enjoying life, avoiding pain, and maximizing pleasure.
Eudaimonia and Well-Being
Eudaimonia, on the other hand, comes from ancient Greek philosophy (especially Aristotle) and refers to a life of meaning, virtue, and self-realization — not just feeling good, but being good and living well.
Psychological eudaimonia includes:
Purpose in life
Personal growth
Autonomy
Mastery or competence
Positive relationships
Self-acceptance
It’s more about deep fulfillment and living according to one’s values.
Key Differences: Hedonia vs. Eudaimonia
Aspect Hedonia Eudaimonia Focus Pleasure and comfort Meaning, growth, and virtu Time frame Short-term Long-term Motivation Avoid pain, seek pleasure Fulfill one’s potential Example Relaxing at a spa Volunteering for a cause Outcome Feeling good Being fulfilled
How They Work Together
Modern psychology (e.g., Positive Psychology) doesn’t see them as mutually exclusive. In fact, the most balanced and sustainable well-being often combines hedonic enjoyment with eudaimonic purpose.
Think of hedonia as the spice of life.
And eudaimonia as the substance of life.
A life with only pleasure can feel shallow over time, and a life with only purpose can feel burdensome. Together, they create a full and rich experience.
Positive Psychology is the scientific study of what makes life most worth living. Instead of focusing on dysfunction, illness, and what’s wrong with people (as traditional psychology often does), Positive Psychology focuses on strengths, well-being, and the factors that allow individuals and communities to thrive.
Core Concepts of Positive Psychology
Focus on Strengths It emphasizes identifying and cultivating personal strengths (like courage, gratitude, resilience, creativity) rather than just fixing weaknesses.
The PERMA Model (by Martin Seligman) A key framework in Positive Psychology describing five essential elements of well-being:
P – Positive Emotions: Joy, love, gratitude, hope.
E – Engagement: Deep involvement in meaningful activities (a state called flow).
R – Relationships: Positive and supportive social connections.
M – Meaning: A sense of purpose and belonging to something bigger than oneself.
A – Accomplishment: Pursuing and achieving goals for the sake of mastery and fulfillment.
Gratitude and Mindfulness Practices like journaling about what you’re grateful for or being present in the moment help increase happiness and reduce stress.
Optimism and Hope These are seen not as naive beliefs but as cognitive styles that can be learned and practiced to improve mental resilience and motivation.
Resilience and Post-Traumatic Growth Positive Psychology explores how people can not only recover from adversity but also grow stronger because of it.
Applications of Positive Psychology
Therapy and Coaching: Therapists help clients build strengths, increase happiness, and find meaning.
Education: Promotes student well-being and engagement.
Workplaces: Improves job satisfaction, motivation, and team dynamics.
Healthcare: Boosts recovery and quality of life by fostering positive attitudes.
Key Figures
Martin Seligman – Often called the father of Positive Psychology.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi – Known for the concept of flow.
Barbara Fredrickson – Researched the “broaden-and-build” theory of positive emotions.
In Summary:
Positive Psychology asks:
“What makes life worth living?” It’s about more than just surviving — it’s about thriving, by cultivating the best in ourselves and others.
Great question! Eudaimonic comes from the Greek word “eudaimonia”, which is often translated as “human flourishing” or “living well”. It’s a concept from ancient philosophy, especially Aristotle, that focuses on living a meaningful, fulfilling life — not just feeling good or experiencing pleasure.
What is Eudaimonic Well-being?
Eudaimonic well-being refers to a deeper sense of happiness that comes from realizing your true potential and living in accordance with your values and purpose.
It’s about personal growth, self-actualization, meaning, and virtue rather than just pleasure or avoiding pain.
How is it different from Hedonic well-being?
Hedonic well-being = pleasure, enjoyment, and avoiding discomfort. Think of it as feeling good in the moment.
Eudaimonic well-being = living a life of meaning, purpose, and authenticity. It might not always feel easy or pleasurable, but it leads to long-term fulfillment.
Examples of Eudaimonic Activities:
Pursuing meaningful goals aligned with your values.
Helping others and contributing to the community.
Developing your talents and skills.
Overcoming challenges to grow as a person.
Why does it matter?
Research in positive psychology shows that eudaimonic well-being is strongly linked to better mental health, resilience, and overall life satisfaction. It’s often seen as a more sustainable form of happiness.
Exercises to cultivate more eudaimonic well-being in your life
Here are some practical exercises to help cultivate eudaimonic well-being — that deeper sense of meaning, growth, and purpose:
1. Reflect on Your Core Values
Write down what matters most to you in life (e.g., honesty, creativity, kindness, growth).
Each day or week, check how your actions align with those values.
Adjust your choices to live more in harmony with what truly matters.
2. Set Meaningful Goals
Identify goals that connect with your values and give you a sense of purpose.
Break them down into small, manageable steps.
Celebrate progress even if the goal is long-term or challenging.
3. Practice Gratitude with a Meaning Focus
Instead of just listing things you’re thankful for, reflect on why those things are meaningful.
For example, instead of “I’m thankful for my job,” think “I’m thankful my job lets me help others and learn new skills.”
4. Engage in Activities That Challenge You
Pick a skill or hobby that pushes you out of your comfort zone.
Embrace the process of growth — even failures — as part of your personal development.
5. Contribute to Others
Volunteer, mentor, or help someone in need.
Focus on the impact your actions have on others, which builds a sense of connection and purpose.
6. Mindful Reflection or Journaling
Spend 5–10 minutes daily writing about moments when you felt purposeful, authentic, or fully engaged.
Reflect on what conditions helped you feel that way and how to recreate them.
7. Cultivate Authentic Relationships
Invest time in relationships where you can be your true self.
Share your dreams and listen deeply to others’ experiences.
Understanding Mindfulness and Regulation Training:
Mindfulness and Regulation Training is a combined approach aimed at improving mental and emotional well-being by cultivating awareness (mindfulness) and enhancing the ability to manage emotions and behavior (regulation).
Here’s a breakdown of both components and how they work together:
Mindfulness: Cultivating Present-Moment Awareness
Definition: Mindfulness is the practice of purposefully paying attention to the present moment without judgment. It involves observing thoughts, emotions, bodily sensations, and the surrounding environment with openness and acceptance.
Core Components:
Attention: Training the mind to stay focused on the here and now.
Awareness: Noticing internal and external experiences as they arise.
Acceptance: Allowing experiences to unfold without immediately trying to change or judge them.
Practices Include:
Mindful breathing
Body scan meditations
Observing thoughts/emotions like clouds passing in the sky
Mindful walking or eating
Benefits:
Reduces stress and anxiety
Enhances focus and cognitive flexibility
Increases emotional resilience
Regulation Training: Building Emotional and Behavioral Control
Definition: Regulation training helps individuals recognize, understand, and manage their emotions and impulses in adaptive ways. It’s rooted in neuroscience and psychology, often drawing from cognitive-behavioral and dialectical behavior traditions.
Key Skills:
Emotional labeling: Naming what you feel
Cognitive reframing: Changing how you think about a situation
Impulse control: Learning to pause before reacting
Self-soothing techniques: Such as deep breathing, grounding exercises
Goal-directed behavior: Staying on track even when emotions are intense
Methods Used:
Psychoeducation
Journaling
Role-playing
Biofeedback
Skills practice (from DBT, CBT, ACT, etc.)
The Synergy: Why Combine Mindfulness and Regulation?
When combined, mindfulness and regulation training:
Help you notice your internal state early, before it becomes overwhelming.
Give you the tools to respond rather than react.
Strengthen neural pathways in the prefrontal cortex, improving decision-making and emotional stability.
Who Benefits?
This kind of training is beneficial for:
People with anxiety, depression, PTSD, ADHD
Students and professionals under stress
Athletes and performers
Anyone interested in personal growth or spiritual development
Example in Practice:
A person practicing mindfulness notices early signs of anger during an argument (increased heart rate, tight chest). Instead of yelling, they take a breath, acknowledge the emotion (“I’m feeling angry”), and use regulation tools to calm down and communicate effectively.
Mindfulness and regulation routine:
Here’s a simple yet powerful daily Mindfulness and Regulation Routine designed to build awareness, emotional stability, and resilience. This routine is flexible and can be adjusted to fit your lifestyle or therapeutic goals.
Morning: Grounding and Intention (10–15 minutes)
1. Mindful Breathing (5 minutes)
Sit comfortably. Close your eyes or lower your gaze.
Inhale slowly through your nose (count 1–4), pause briefly.
Exhale slowly through your mouth (count 1–6).
Focus on the breath. If the mind wanders, gently bring it back.
Why: Activates the parasympathetic nervous system and sets a calm tone for the day.
2. Daily Intention Setting (5 minutes)
Ask: “How do I want to feel today?” or “What quality do I want to embody?”
Examples: Patience, focus, kindness.
Repeat the intention silently: “Today, I will meet challenges with patience.”
Constant need for adrenaline rush, can it be dangerous:
Yes, a constant need for adrenaline rush — often called sensation-seeking behavior — can be psychologically and physically dangerous, especially if the individual consistently engages in high-risk activities to fulfill that need.
Potential Dangers:
1. Physical Risks (Seek the advice of a medical doctor)
Injuries or death: High-adrenaline activities like extreme sports, reckless driving, or drug use can lead to serious harm.
Health consequences: Chronic stress from frequent adrenaline spikes can lead to heart problems, high blood pressure, and weakened immune response.
2. Psychological Risks
Addiction to risk: Some people develop a dependency on thrill-seeking, similar to addiction, needing greater intensity over time to feel the same “high.”
Impulsivity and poor judgment: This can lead to dangerous decisions or antisocial behavior.
Underlying mental health conditions: Sensation-seeking may be linked to ADHD, bipolar disorder, or borderline personality disorder, where impulsivity and emotional dysregulation are common.
3. Social and Occupational Consequences
Damaged relationships: Repeated risky behavior can strain personal relationships.
Job instability: If the thrill-seeking spills over into the workplace, it can lead to job loss or legal issues.
What to Do If You or Someone You Know Is Experiencing This
Psychological assessment: A mental health professional can help determine if there’s an underlying cause.
Channeling the need safely: Adrenaline-seeking can sometimes be redirected into safer outlets like martial arts, obstacle races, or adventure sports done responsibly.
Mindfulness and regulation training: Techniques like meditation, CBT, and biofeedback can help manage impulses.
Psychological strategies to manage it:
To manage a constant need for adrenaline from a psychological perspective, the key is to understand the underlying drive and develop healthier coping mechanisms that fulfill the same need for stimulation — without the danger. Here are effective strategies:
1. Understand the Root Cause
Is the adrenaline rush a way to escape boredom, avoid emotional discomfort, or feel alive?
Is there an underlying condition (e.g., ADHD, PTSD, bipolar disorder) contributing to impulsivity? (Seek the advice of a medical doctor)
Journaling or working with a therapist can help clarify patterns and triggers.
2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT helps reframe thoughts like:
“I need a thrill to feel normal.”
“If I’m not on the edge, I’m wasting life.”
Through CBT, you can:
Identify and challenge distorted thinking patterns.
Learn to replace risky urges with constructive alternatives.
Practice delayed gratification and impulse control.
3. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)
Adrenaline junkies often seek intense external stimulation because they’re uncomfortable with internal stillness.
Mindfulness:
Builds tolerance for calm states.
Teaches you to observe impulses without acting on them.
Reduces emotional reactivity.
Try body scans, breathwork, or guided meditations daily.
4. Channel the Urge Safely
Find safer forms of stimulation that activate your nervous system without causing harm:
High-intensity workouts (HIIT, martial arts, rock climbing).
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