Soldiers and PTSD:

Soldiers and PTSD:

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health issue that affects many soldiers and veterans due to the extreme and often life-threatening situations they experience during military service.

Here’s an overview of the relationship between soldiers and PTSD:

What Is PTSD?

PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. For soldiers, this can include:

Combat exposure

Witnessing death or injury

Experiencing personal injury

Dealing with the stress of survival and constant danger

Moral injury (conflicts between personal morals and actions taken during war)

Symptoms in Soldiers

PTSD symptoms may appear soon after trauma or months/years later, and can include:

Intrusive memories (flashbacks, nightmares, distressing thoughts)

Avoidance (of places, people, or conversations related to the trauma)

Negative mood and thoughts (guilt, shame, numbness, detachment, hopelessness)

Hyperarousal (irritability, aggression, hypervigilance, trouble sleeping, exaggerated startle response)

Why Are Soldiers Vulnerable?

Chronic exposure to trauma: Unlike single-incident trauma (e.g., car accident), soldiers may face repeated or ongoing traumatic events.

Military culture: Often discourages emotional expression, making it harder to seek help.

Survivor’s guilt: Can occur when a soldier lives while comrades do not.

Moral injury: Feeling responsible for actions that go against one’s values (e.g., killing civilians, following questionable orders).

Treatment and Support

Effective treatments for PTSD in soldiers include:

Psychotherapy:

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)

Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Medications:

CONSULT A Psychiatrist

Support groups and peer counseling

Service dogs and alternative therapies (e.g., equine therapy, mindfulness, art therapy)

Challenges

Stigma: Soldiers often fear being seen as weak or being passed over for promotions.

Underreporting: Many suffer in silence or don’t realize what they’re experiencing is PTSD.

Access to care: Especially difficult for veterans living in rural or underserved areas.

Hope and Recovery

Recovery is possible. With appropriate treatment and support, many soldiers with PTSD can regain quality of life, purpose, and meaningful relationships. Programs offered through the VA, non-profits, and military hospitals have increasingly recognized the need for comprehensive PTSD care.

Shervan K Shahhian

Healing through Fitness:

“CONSULT A MEDICAL DOCTOR”

Absolutely — healing through fitness is real and well-documented, both physically and psychologically. 

Here’s how it works across various levels:

Physical Healing

Regular exercise promotes biological repair and resilience:

Increased blood flow delivers nutrients and oxygen to injured tissues.

Improved immune function helps with inflammation control and cellular repair.

Muscle and joint recovery is enhanced through strength training and mobility work.

Chronic pain reduction, especially for back pain or arthritis, is often observed with tailored fitness programs like Pilates, yoga, or swimming. Example: People with type 2 diabetes often improve insulin sensitivity and reduce medication needs through consistent exercise.

Psychological & Emotional Healing

Fitness can be deeply therapeutic for mental health:

Endorphins & dopamine release during workouts improves mood and reduces anxiety and depression.

Routine & discipline help rebuild a sense of control and identity after trauma or loss.

Somatic movement like yoga, tai chi, or dance therapy connects body awareness to emotional processing (especially for PTSD, grief, or anxiety).

Body empowerment through strength and endurance improves self-image and confidence.

Example: Many trauma survivors report feeling more “present” and emotionally grounded after adopting movement practices.

Spiritual & Energetic Healing (Holistic View)

In holistic traditions:

Movement is medicine — Qigong, martial arts, or conscious movement facilitate energy flow (chi/prana).

Grounding and presence are heightened through physical awareness, helping reconnect with the body.

Some believe cellular memory (of trauma) can be released through specific movement patterns.

“The body keeps the score” — trauma is often stored in the body and can be released through conscious physical activity.

 Tips for Healing Through Fitness:

Start gently, especially if recovering from illness, trauma, or emotional distress.

Choose activities you enjoy: walking, dancing, swimming, lifting weights, martial arts.

Add mind-body practices: yoga, tai chi, breathwork, or mindful stretching.

Stay consistent, not extreme — healing is a long-term process.

Shervan K Shahhian

Can Exercise protect the Brain:

Can Exercise protect the Brain:

It’s important to consult with your medical doctor before starting an exercise routine.

Yes, exercise can protect the brain — this is well-supported by scientific research across neuroscience, psychology, and aging studies.

Here’s how:

Exercise Promotes Brain Plasticity

Neurogenesis: Aerobic exercise (like walking, running, cycling) stimulates the growth of new neurons, especially in the hippocampus, a brain region vital for memory and learning.

Synaptogenesis: Exercise increases the number and strength of connections between neurons.

Increases Blood Flow and Oxygen

Physical activity improves cerebral blood flow, delivering more oxygen and nutrients to the brain.

This helps prevent neurodegeneration and maintains cognitive function, especially with aging.

Boosts Brain-Protective Chemicals

Exercise elevates levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) — a key molecule that supports neuron survival and growth.

Also increases dopamineserotonin, and endorphins, which contribute to mood regulation and mental clarity.

Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Chronic inflammation is linked to conditions like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and depression.

Regular exercise lowers inflammatory markers and oxidative damage, reducing risk of neurodegenerative disease.

Improves Sleep and Stress Regulation

Better sleep = better memory consolidation and emotional resilience.

Exercise helps regulate cortisol, the stress hormone, which in excess can damage the brain.

Slows Cognitive Aging and Dementia Risk

Long-term physical activity is linked to:

Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia

Slower progression of mild cognitive impairment

Better executive functioning and memory in older adults

Best Types of Exercise for Brain Health

Aerobic (e.g., brisk walking, swimming): most evidence-based

Resistance training (e.g., weights, yoga): improves executive function

Mind-body practices (e.g., Tai Chi, Qigong): support mental focus and mood

Shervan K Shahhian

Tattoos and Mental Health:

Tattoos and Mental Health:

Tattoos and mental health have a complex and evolving relationship.

Here’s an overview of the key connections:

1. Self-Expression and Identity

Positive: Tattoos often help people express their identity, values, or life experiences. This can lead to improved self-esteem, a sense of control, and emotional catharsis.

Example: Survivors of trauma may get tattoos as a symbol of healing or empowerment (e.g., a phoenix, semicolon for suicide prevention, etc.).

2. Coping Mechanism

Mixed: Some individuals use tattoos to cope with emotional pain or psychological distress. While this can be therapeutic, it can also be a form of self-harm or signal unresolved trauma.

Example: People with a history of self-injury may turn to tattoos as a safer or more socially acceptable form of bodily expression.

3. Social Connection and Stigma

Positive: Tattoos can foster a sense of belonging in subcultures or communities (e.g., veterans, artists, trauma survivors).

Negative: Stigma still exists in some cultures or professional environments, potentially affecting mental health through social judgment or discrimination.

4. Association with Mental Health Conditions

Some studies have found correlations between tattoos and higher rates of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, or impulsivity. However, correlation does not equal causation — tattoos may simply reflect a person’s journey through mental health challenges rather than being a cause or symptom of disorder.

5. Therapeutic Uses

In clinical settings, therapists sometimes explore the meaning of a client’s tattoos as a way to access deeper emotional themes or unresolved issues.

Shervan K Shahhian

Filtering Reality, what and why:

“Filtering reality” usually means that our minds don’t perceive or process all information available around us — we automatically filter it based on what we expect, believe, need, or fear.

What it is:

It’s a mental process where the brain selects certain details for attention and ignores others.

It happens unconsciously most of the time, based on personal biases, survival instincts, habits, emotional states, and learned conditioning.

Why it happens:

Efficiency: If we took in everything without filtering, we’d be overwhelmed. Filtering lets us focus on what seems most important.

Survival: Our ancestors needed to quickly detect threats or food, not admire every leaf. So evolution favored brains that filtered for relevance.

Meaning-making: Filtering helps us interpret reality instead of being drowned by raw data. It simplifies the world into stories and categories we can handle.

In short, filtering reality is how consciousness survives complexity — but it can also limit growth if the filters become too rigid or outdated.

Shervan K Shahhian

Human Performance Psychology, (HPP):

Human Performance Psychology, (HPP):

Human performance psychology is the field that studies how psychological factors (like motivation, focus, stress, confidence, mental toughness) impact someone’s ability to perform at their best, especially in high-pressure environments. It’s used a lot in sports, military, performing arts, business leadership, and even astronaut training.

Key areas in human performance psychology include:

  • Mental skills training: like visualization, goal setting, and self-talk.
  • Stress management: staying calm and effective under pressure.
  • Resilience building: bouncing back quickly from failure or setbacks.
  • Optimizing focus and attention: managing distractions and maintaining flow states.
  • Fatigue and recovery: understanding how mental and physical fatigue affect performance and how to recover.

In some ways, it overlaps with sports psychology, but human performance psychology is broader—it’s about any kind of performance, not just athletic.

Shervan K Shahhian

Lobotomy, what and why:

Lobotomy, what and why:

“CONSULT A MEDICAL DOCTOR”

A lobotomy is a type of brain surgery that was once used to treat certain mental illnesses, mainly severe depression, schizophrenia, and extreme anxiety.

The basic idea was to sever connections between the prefrontal cortex (the front part of the brain involved in thinking, planning, and emotions) and the rest of the brain. Surgeons believed this would reduce a patient’s intense emotional suffering and uncontrollable behaviors. The procedure was first widely promoted in the 1930s and 1940s, especially by a Portuguese neurologist named Egas Moniz, who even won a Nobel Prize for it in 1949.

Why it was done:

At the time, there were very few effective treatments for severe mental illness.

Hospitals were overcrowded with patients who had no hope of recovery.

Psychiatrists were desperate for anything that could calm violent or suicidal individuals.

However, lobotomies often left patients with terrible side effects:

Loss of personality

Emotional flatness

Intellectual decline

Sometimes even death

By the 1950s and 1960s, new psychiatric medications like Thorazine became available, and lobotomies quickly fell out of favor because the risks were too high compared to the benefits.

Shervan K Shahhian

Psychology of Addiction:

Psychology of Addiction:

Addiction is a complex psychological and physiological condition that involves compulsive engagement in behaviors or consumption of substances, despite the negative consequences. It typically involves both mental and physical dependence, and its psychology can be explored from several perspectives:

1. Biological Basis of Addiction:

  • Neurotransmitters and the Reward System: The brain’s reward system, particularly the dopaminergic pathways (such as the mesolimbic pathway), plays a key role in addiction. When individuals engage in addictive behaviors (e.g., drug use, gambling), the brain releases dopamine, which creates feelings of pleasure and reinforces the behavior.
  • Tolerance and Withdrawal: Over time, the brain adapts to the heightened dopamine levels, leading to tolerance (where more of the substance or behavior is needed to achieve the same effect). When the addictive behavior is stopped, withdrawal symptoms arise as the brain struggles to regulate dopamine levels without the substance or activity.

2. Psychological Factors:

  • Coping Mechanism: Many people turn to addictive behaviors as a way to cope with stress, anxiety, depression, or trauma. The addiction may serve as a temporary escape from negative emotions, creating a reinforcing loop where the individual seeks relief from their emotional pain.
  • Cognitive Distortions: People struggling with addiction often exhibit cognitive distortions, such as denial (“I can quit anytime”), rationalization (“I deserve this”), or catastrophizing (“If I don’t use this now, something bad will happen”).
  • Conditioned Responses: Addictive behaviors are often learned through classical conditioning, where certain cues (e.g., places, people, emotions) trigger the desire to engage in the addictive behavior. These associations can be so strong that they drive relapse even after long periods of abstinence.

3. Social and Environmental Influences:

  • Peer Pressure and Social Environment: The social environment can have a profound influence on addiction. Peer pressure, social acceptance, or exposure to environments where substance use or addictive behaviors are normalized can increase the likelihood of engaging in these behaviors.
  • Family Dynamics: Dysfunctional family relationships, including enmeshment, neglect, or abuse, can contribute to the development of addiction. Family members may also enable addictive behaviors, which complicates recovery.

4. Addiction as a Disease:

  • Chronic Nature: Addiction is often viewed as a chronic disease that can be managed but not “cured.” This perspective emphasizes the need for ongoing treatment and support, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.
  • Genetic Predisposition: There is evidence to suggest that genetic factors may make some individuals more vulnerable to addiction. Family history of addiction increases the likelihood of developing similar issues.

5. Psychological Theories of Addiction:

  • Behaviorism: Addiction is seen as a learned behavior, reinforced through the reward system. Operant conditioning, where positive reinforcement (pleasure) strengthens the addictive behavior, plays a key role in the maintenance of addiction.
  • Cognitive-Behavioral Theory (CBT): CBT focuses on identifying and changing the distorted thinking patterns and behaviors that contribute to addiction. It helps individuals recognize triggers and develop healthier coping strategies.
  • Psychodynamic Theory: From this perspective, addiction is viewed as an expression of unconscious conflicts, often linked to unresolved trauma or emotional issues. Psychoanalysis or psychodynamic therapy may focus on exploring these deeper emotional causes.

6. Stages of Addiction:

  • Initiation: The first stage of addiction typically involves experimentation or use in social settings. This phase is driven by curiosity, peer pressure, or the desire to escape reality.
  • Reinforcement: As the individual experiences pleasurable effects, they continue engaging in the behavior. Positive reinforcement encourages repetition, and negative reinforcement (relief from negative emotions) strengthens the habit.
  • Escalation: Over time, the behavior becomes more frequent and intense, leading to greater tolerance and dependence.
  • Dependence: This stage is characterized by the individual’s need for the substance or behavior to feel normal. Withdrawal symptoms become a prominent feature.
  • Addiction: Full addiction is marked by the inability to control the behavior despite harmful consequences. This is when the behavior starts to interfere with daily life, relationships, and work.

7. Treatment of Addiction:

  • Psychotherapy: Various types of therapy can be helpful, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), which aim to change thought patterns and emotional responses that fuel the addiction.
  • Support Groups: Programs like 12-step groups (e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous) or other peer-support groups provide social support and accountability.
  • Medication: For certain types of addiction (e.g., alcohol, opioids), medications can be used to manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms, such as methadone, naltrexone, or buprenorphine.
  • Mindfulness and Stress Management: Techniques such as mindfulness meditation and stress management strategies can help individuals manage triggers and cravings in healthier ways.

Understanding addiction from a psychological perspective involves a blend of factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, emotional regulation, and cognitive patterns. Treatment approaches typically aim at addressing both the mind and body to break the cycle of addiction and promote long-term recovery.

Shervan K Shahhian

Splitting in Mental Health:

Splitting in Mental Health:

In mental health, splitting is a psychological defense mechanism where a person is unable to hold opposing thoughts, feelings, or beliefs about themselves or others. This leads them to see things in black-and-white, all-or-nothing terms — someone is either “all good” or “all bad,” with no shades of gray.

Key Characteristics of Splitting:

Idealization and devaluation: A person may alternate between extreme admiration and intense dislike for someone, based on a single event or interaction.

Instability in relationships: People who split may have tumultuous relationships due to their shifting perceptions.

Inability to integrate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a cohesive whole.

Commonly Associated Disorders:

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Splitting is considered a hallmark feature of BPD, though it can appear in other conditions.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder and other personality disorders: It can also occur in these contexts, though often less pervasively.

Example:

Border Line, example:

A client with BPD may say of their therapist:
“You’re the best therapist in the world!” (idealization)
Then, after a perceived slight:
“You’re just like all the others — completely useless!” (devaluation)

Why It Happens:

Splitting often originates from early developmental trauma or invalidating environments, where the person never developed the capacity to tolerate emotional ambivalence or complexity.

Shervan K Shahhian

Suppressing Grief or Anxiety only extends Suffering, why:

Suppressing Grief or Anxiety only extends Suffering, why:

Suppressing grief or anxiety only extends suffering because when these emotions are pushed away or denied, they aren’t actually resolved — they remain active beneath the surface, influencing thoughts, behavior, and even physical health in subtle but powerful ways. 

Here’s why:

Unprocessed Emotions Don’t Disappear Suppression is like stuffing emotions into a box and locking it — but the box is still inside you. Over time, those emotions may leak out as irritability, depression, panic attacks, or physical symptoms (like headaches, fatigue, or digestive issues).

Avoidance Blocks Healing Emotions like grief and anxiety have a natural arc — they arise in response to loss or threat and, when fully experienced, tend to lessen over time. Suppression interrupts this healing process, leaving you emotionally “stuck.”

Increases Internal Conflict Part of your mind is trying to feel or express the emotion, while another part is working hard to block it. This creates tension and drains mental energy, leading to greater stress and fatigue.

Impacts Relationships When you suppress your emotions, especially grief, it can create distance between you and others. You may seem emotionally unavailable or cold, which makes it harder to receive the support you actually need.

The Body Keeps ScoreAs trauma researcher Bessel van der Kolk puts it, “the body keeps the score.” Suppressed emotions can manifest in somatic (bodily) ways — chronic pain, immune issues, or psychosomatic conditions.

Ultimately, allowing yourself to feel and express grief or anxiety — whether through talking, writing, crying, or meditating — is a form of respect for your inner life. It’s how you metabolize pain and create space for growth, connection, and peace.

Shervan K Shahhian