Author Archives: Shervan K Shahhian, LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, The Most Comprehensive Online Library Regarding Mental Health, Psychology and Parapsychology in the World.

Doctored Degree in Clinical Psychology (PSYD) (ABD) All But Dissertation, a Masters (M.A.) in Clinical Psychology, a Bachelor's Degree (B.A.) in Psychology, a Associate Degree (AA) in Liberal Arts with an emphases in Psychology, Certification in Anger Management, Certification in MRT-Moral Reconation Therapy®, Certification in Clinical Hypnotherapy, and Certification in Advanced Hypnotherapy.

Empathy is number one, why:

Empathy is number one, why:

Empathy is often considered crucial for several reasons:

Understanding Others: Empathy allows individuals to understand and share the feelings of others. This understanding fosters better communication, stronger relationships, and a sense of connection.

Building Relationships: Empathy is a key component in building meaningful and positive relationships. When people feel understood and valued, it strengthens the bonds between individuals, whether in personal or professional settings.

Conflict Resolution: Empathy plays a vital role in resolving conflicts. By understanding the perspectives and emotions of others, individuals can find common ground and work towards mutually beneficial solutions.

Teamwork: In group settings, empathy is essential for effective teamwork. It helps team members relate to each other’s experiences, perspectives, and challenges, leading to a more collaborative and harmonious working environment.

Leadership: Empathetic leaders are often more successful in guiding and motivating their teams. Understanding the needs and concerns of team members fosters a positive work culture and enhances overall team performance.

Promoting Well-Being: Empathy contributes to the well-being of both individuals and communities. It creates a supportive environment where people feel heard, respected, and cared for, contributing to mental and emotional health.

Social Harmony: On a broader scale, empathy is essential for promoting social harmony and understanding among diverse groups. It encourages tolerance, acceptance, and cooperation in a society with varied perspectives and backgrounds.

In summary, empathy is considered essential because it enhances communication, relationships, teamwork, and overall well-being, contributing to a more compassionate and understanding world.

Shervan K Shahhian

Whether Narcissism is Conditioned involves a Complex Interplay of Genetic, Environmental, and Psychological Factors.

Narcissism is conditioned:

Whether narcissism is conditioned involves a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Narcissistic traits can be influenced by a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors, such as parenting styles, early life experiences, and cultural influences.

Research suggests that there may be a genetic component to narcissistic personality traits, but environmental factors also play a significant role. For example, individuals who experience excessive praise or lack of appropriate limits during childhood may develop narcissistic tendencies. Similarly, certain cultural values and societal influences can contribute to the development of narcissistic traits.

It’s essential to note that narcissism exists on a spectrum, and not everyone with narcissistic traits has a narcissistic personality disorder. Additionally, the development of personality traits is a dynamic and ongoing process influenced by various factors throughout life.

It’s recommended to Please consult with a mental health professionals who can provide personalized insights and guidance.

Shervan K Shahhian

Empathy is learned in childhood:

Empathy is learned in childhood:

Yes, empathy is often considered to be learned during childhood. It is a complex social and emotional skill that involves understanding and sharing the feelings of others. Children begin to develop empathy through various experiences, interactions, and observations. Parents, caregivers, and the social environment play crucial roles in shaping a child’s ability to empathize.

Through positive role modeling, teaching perspective-taking, encouraging emotional expression, and promoting kindness, children can learn to understand and connect with the emotions of others. Empathy continues to develop throughout life, but early childhood experiences are foundational in establishing this important aspect of social and emotional intelligence.

Shervan K Shahhian

Narcissism learned or Genetics:

Narcissism learned or Genetics:

The development of narcissistic traits is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While there is evidence suggesting a genetic predisposition for certain personality traits, environmental factors such as parenting style, upbringing, and early experiences also play a significant role in shaping personality.

Research indicates that individuals with a family history of narcissistic traits may be more likely to exhibit similar behaviors. However, environmental factors, such as a lack of empathy or excessive praise during childhood, can contribute to the development of narcissistic tendencies.

In summary, narcissism is likely a complex interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental influences.

Shervan K Shahhian

Pathological Narcissism, what is that:

Pathological Narcissism, what is that:

Pathological narcissism refers to a personality disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance, a constant need for attention and admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Individuals with pathological narcissism often have an inflated sense of their own abilities and achievements, coupled with a deep-seated need for excessive admiration.

Key traits of pathological narcissism include:

Grandiosity: A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, where individuals exaggerate their achievements and talents, and expect to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements.

Lack of Empathy: Difficulty or inability to understand and share the feelings of others, leading to a lack of compassion and disregard for the needs and emotions of others.

Need for Admiration: A constant need for admiration and validation from others, with a sense of entitlement to special treatment.

Exploitative Behavior: Exploitative behavior in relationships, taking advantage of others to achieve personal goals without regard for their well-being.

Fragile Self-esteem: Despite the outward display of confidence, individuals with pathological narcissism often have a fragile self-esteem that is vulnerable to criticism or perceived slights.

It’s important to note that while some level of narcissism is considered normal, pathological narcissism represents a more extreme and dysfunctional form of this personality trait. The term is often associated with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), which is a diagnosable mental health condition listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Shervan K Shahhian

Covert Narcissism, what is it:

Covert Narcissism, what is it:

Covert narcissism is a subtype of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), characterized by a more subtle and hidden expression of narcissistic traits. While classic or overt narcissists are more overtly self-centered, seek attention, and display grandiosity, covert narcissists tend to be more introverted, sensitive, and may appear humble on the surface.

Key features of covert narcissism include:

Insecurity: Covert narcissists often have a deep-seated sense of insecurity and may struggle with feelings of inadequacy.

Need for Approval: They seek validation and approval from others but may do so more subtly than overt narcissists.

Manipulative Behavior: Covert narcissists can engage in manipulative behaviors, such as playing the victim or using passive-aggressive tactics to get their way.

Lack of Empathy: Similar to overt narcissists, covert narcissists may struggle with empathy and have difficulty understanding or relating to the emotions of others.

Fantasies of Success: Despite their more subdued outward demeanor, covert narcissists may harbor fantasies of unlimited success and recognition.

It’s important to note that narcissistic personality disorder exists on a spectrum, and individuals may exhibit varying degrees of narcissistic traits. Diagnosis and treatment should be conducted by mental health professionals.

Shervan K Shahhian

Religious Trauma and shame:

Religious Trauma and shame:

Religious trauma refers to the emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical consequences that individuals may experience as a result of their involvement with a religious group or due to the teachings and practices of a particular religion. This trauma can manifest in various ways and may include feelings of guilt, shame, anxiety, fear, and a distorted self-image.

Shame is often intertwined with religious trauma because certain religious teachings or practices may instill a sense of wrongdoing or inadequacy in individuals. Here are some ways in which religious trauma and shame may be connected:

Dogmatic Beliefs: Some religious teachings may impose rigid and unrealistic standards of behavior. Individuals who are unable to meet these standards may experience shame for falling short of perceived expectations.

Guilt for Natural Instincts: Certain religions may condemn basic human instincts or natural behaviors, leading individuals to feel guilt or shame for their natural inclinations.

Fear of Divine Punishment: Religions that emphasize a punitive deity may instill fear and shame in followers, leading them to believe that any perceived deviation from religious norms will result in punishment.

Judgment and Exclusion: Religious communities that are judgmental or exclusionary may make individuals feel shame for not conforming to the group’s expectations. This can be particularly damaging if the individual is ostracized or shamed by the community.

Sexual Repression: Some religious teachings promote strict guidelines around sexuality, leading individuals to feel shame about their natural sexual desires and behaviors.

Authoritarian Control: Religious institutions with authoritarian structures may use shame as a tool for controlling members, discouraging them from questioning beliefs or leaving the faith.

It’s important to note that not everyone who is part of a religious group experiences trauma or shame. Many individuals find comfort, support, and fulfillment within their religious communities. However, for those who do experience religious trauma and shame, seeking support from mental health professionals, support groups, or individuals who have gone through similar experiences can be beneficial in the healing process.

Shervan K Shahhian

Religious Trauma and shame:

Religious Trauma and shame:

Religious trauma refers to the emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical consequences that individuals may experience as a result of their involvement with a religious group or due to the teachings and practices of a particular religion. This trauma can manifest in various ways and may include feelings of guilt, shame, anxiety, fear, and a distorted self-image.

Shame is often intertwined with religious trauma because certain religious teachings or practices may instill a sense of wrongdoing or inadequacy in individuals. Here are some ways in which religious trauma and shame may be connected:

Dogmatic Beliefs: Some religious teachings may impose rigid and unrealistic standards of behavior. Individuals who are unable to meet these standards may experience shame for falling short of perceived expectations.

Guilt for Natural Instincts: Certain religions may condemn basic human instincts or natural behaviors, leading individuals to feel guilt or shame for their natural inclinations.

Fear of Divine Punishment: Religions that emphasize a punitive deity may instill fear and shame in followers, leading them to believe that any perceived deviation from religious norms will result in punishment.

Judgment and Exclusion: Religious communities that are judgmental or exclusionary may make individuals feel shame for not conforming to the group’s expectations. This can be particularly damaging if the individual is ostracized or shamed by the community.

Sexual Repression: Some religious teachings promote strict guidelines around sexuality, leading individuals to feel shame about their natural sexual desires and behaviors.

Authoritarian Control: Religious institutions with authoritarian structures may use shame as a tool for controlling members, discouraging them from questioning beliefs or leaving the faith.

It’s important to note that not everyone who is part of a religious group experiences trauma or shame. Many individuals find comfort, support, and fulfillment within their religious communities. However, for those who do experience religious trauma and shame, seeking support from mental health professionals, support groups, or individuals who have gone through similar experiences can be beneficial in the healing process.

Shervan K Shahhian

EMDR and stabilization:

EMDR and stabilization:

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy approach that was originally developed to help individuals process traumatic memories. It is particularly effective for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While EMDR is known for its effectiveness in processing traumatic memories, it also recognizes the importance of stabilization before engaging in the processing of traumatic material.

Stabilization in the context of EMDR refers to the preparation phase of therapy, where the therapist works with the client to establish a sense of safety and develop coping skills. This phase is crucial, especially when dealing with individuals who have experienced trauma, as it helps them build the resilience and resources needed to manage the emotional intensity that may arise during the processing of traumatic memories.

Key elements of stabilization in EMDR may include:

Assessment and Psychoeducation: The therapist assesses the client’s current level of distress and provides psychoeducation about trauma and the therapeutic process. This helps clients understand their symptoms and the goals of EMDR therapy.

Coping Skills: Clients are taught coping skills to manage distress and anxiety. This may involve teaching relaxation techniques, mindfulness, and other strategies that can be used to ground oneself in the present moment.

Resource Development: Therapists help clients identify and strengthen internal and external resources. This could include positive memories, personal strengths, and supportive relationships. These resources act as a foundation for the client during the processing phase.

Safe Place Exercise: Clients are guided in creating a mental “safe place” that they can retreat to when they feel overwhelmed. This technique provides a way for clients to self-soothe during difficult moments.

Grounding Techniques: Therapists may teach grounding techniques to help clients stay connected to the present moment and reduce the risk of becoming overwhelmed by traumatic memories.

Once stabilization is achieved and the client has developed sufficient coping skills, the therapist can then move on to the processing phase of EMDR. During processing, clients revisit and reprocess traumatic memories while using bilateral stimulation (often in the form of guided eye movements) to facilitate the brain’s natural healing processes.

It’s important to note that the exact approach may vary based on the individual needs of the client and the therapist’s theoretical orientation. Stabilization is a crucial component in ensuring that individuals are adequately prepared to engage in the deeper work of processing traumatic memories in a safe and supportive therapeutic environment.

Shervan K Shahhian

EMDR might be a game changer:

EMDR might be a game changer:

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy approach that has shown effectiveness, particularly in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Developed by Francine Shapiro in the late 1980s, EMDR involves a structured process that includes elements such as bilateral stimulation (often achieved through side-to-side eye movements), processing of distressing memories, and the development of adaptive coping mechanisms.

Research has suggested that EMDR can be beneficial for individuals dealing with trauma, anxiety, and other emotional issues. The mechanism by which EMDR works is not fully understood, and there has been some debate about whether the eye movements are essential to its effectiveness. Some researchers believe that the bilateral stimulation may help the brain process traumatic memories more effectively.

While EMDR has been praised by some clinicians and individuals who have undergone the therapy, it’s essential to note that not everyone responds the same way to different therapeutic approaches. What works well for one person may not work as effectively for another. Additionally, the field of psychotherapy is diverse, and various therapeutic modalities exist to address different mental health concerns.

Whether EMDR is a “game changer” depends on the individual and their specific needs. It can be a valuable tool in the hands of a skilled therapist, but it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. If you or someone you know is considering EMDR or any other therapeutic approach, it’s crucial to consult with a mental health professional to determine the most suitable treatment for the specific situation.

Shervan K Shahhian