writing – LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Narcissistic Gang Stalking may not be a formal psychiatric term:

Narcissistic Gang Stalking may not a formal psychiatric. It is a phrase sometimes used to describe a perceived pattern in which a person believes that a narcissistic individual or a group influenced by that person is deliberately coordinating harassment, intimidation, surveillance, social exclusion, or reputation attacks against them.

How the concept may be usually described

A person using this term may describe:

Smear campaigns: spreading damaging stories or accusations about someone.

Triangulation: recruiting other people into an interpersonal conflict.

Flying monkeys: a popular term for people allegedly enlisted to support or enforce the narcissistic person’s agenda.

Social isolation: encouraging friends, relatives, coworkers, or community members to distance themselves.

Intimidation: repeated hostile interactions, threats, or provocative behavior.

Digital harassment: unwanted messages, online impersonation, monitoring, or coordinated social media activity.

Provocation: repeatedly doing things intended to elicit an emotional reaction.

The important distinction

There could be two separate questions that may not be automatically collapsed into one:

1-Is there objectively verifiable harassment or coordinated behavior?

2-Is the interpretation of apparently connected events accurate?

Real coordinated harassment may occur. At the same time, when someone is under prolonged stress, trauma, interpersonal conflict, or hypervigilance, may cause sever psychological and some medical issues: the victim(s) should consult with a medical doctor and a therapist.

A psychologically careful approach may therefore:

Validate the person’s distress without automatically validating an unverified explanation for it.

For example, instead of saying “Yes, the narcissist has organized people to stalk you,” a clinician might say:

“It sounds frightening and exhausting to feel that multiple people may be targeting you. Let’s separate what you directly observed from what you believe those observations mean, and look for independently verifiable evidence.”

Narcissistic abuse vs. “Gang stalking”

There could be useful conceptual distinction:

Narcissistic/interpersonal abuse	Alleged coordinated stalking
Can be objectively documented	May be difficult to independently verify
Often involves identifiable relationships	May involve strangers or loosely connected people
Smearing, manipulation, intimidation, triangulation	Surveillance, following, coordinated harassment
Can occur without a large conspiracy	Requires actual coordination if the claim is literal
Established concepts in psychology	“Gang stalking” is not a recognized psychiatric diagnosis

From a clinical perspective, hypervigilance, trauma responses, confirmation bias, threat perception, and pattern recognition may all influence how ambiguous events are interpreted. That may not mean that every report of harassment is imaginary; it means the evidence needs to be evaluated independently of the interpretation.

If there are concrete threats, stalking behaviors, property damage, or identifiable harassment, the appropriate response is to document specific observable events, preserve evidence, establish safety, and use appropriate legal and law enforcement channels rather than trying to prove a broad theory of coordination by yourself.

Be ready to Legally defend yourself, your family and your property.

Shervan K Shahhian

Chauffeur Psychology may be a useful metaphor for a psychological pattern:

Chauffeur Psychology may be a useful metaphor for a psychological pattern in which a person controls, directs, or carries another person through life rather than helping that person develop their own capacity to navigate independently.

It may be understood in several ways:

1. The “chauffeur” as a psychological role

A person may repeatedly:

Make decisions for others
Solve problems before the other person tries
Give constant advice or direction
Protect someone from consequences
Take responsibility for another person’s emotions
Become indispensable to the other person’s functioning

The underlying message may become: “I know what is best for you, so let me drive.”

2. The psychological payoff

Chauffeur behavior may not be necessarily malicious. It may satisfy important psychological needs, such as:

Control: “If I’m driving, I can prevent things from going wrong.”
Significance: “People need me.”
Identity: “I’m the helper/rescuer.”
Anxiety reduction: “If I take over, I don’t have to tolerate uncertainty.”
Avoidance: Focusing on someone else’s problems can distract from one’s own.
Self-esteem: Being needed can temporarily reinforce a person’s sense of worth.

3. The danger may be: learned dependence

If the chauffeur continually takes over, the passenger may gradually become less confident in their own ability.

This may produce a cycle:

Anxiety…chauffeur takes over…passenger avoids responsibility…passenger becomes less confident… chauffeur becomes even more necessary.

This overlaps with concepts such as codependency, enabling, Overfunctioning/underfunctioning, rescuing, and learned helplessness, although those concepts may not be identical.

4. Healthy alternative: “teach rather than drive”

A psychologically healthier approach may be:

“I can support you without taking over your life.”

Instead of saying:

“I’ll handle it.”

The helper might say:

“What do you think your options are?”

or:

“Would you like advice, or would you rather I just listen?”

That preserves autonomy, agency, and competence.

A particularly interesting distinction

There may be a major difference between being a chauffeur and being a navigator.

Chauffeur: “I’ll take you where you need to go.”

Navigator: “I’ll help you understand the map, but you’re still driving.”

In psychotherapy, the second model may be more consistent with empowerment and client autonomy. The therapist provides expertise, structure, and guidance without unnecessarily assuming control over the client’s decisions.

In one sentence: Chauffeur psychology describes the tendency to manage another person’s journey instead of helping them develop the confidence and skills to drive their own life.

Shervan K Shahhian

Irrational Thinking; interpretations are not adequately supported by available sound reasoning:

Irrational Thinking is a pattern of thinking in which conclusions, beliefs, or interpretations are not adequately supported by available evidence or sound reasoning. It may feel completely convincing to the person experiencing it because emotions, assumptions, biases, or previous experiences may strongly influence how information is interpreted.

Common forms of irrational thinking

Pattern Example

All-or-nothing thinking “If I fail once, I’m a complete failure.”

Catastrophizing “If this goes wrong, my life will be ruined.”

Mind reading “I know they’re judging me.”

Fortune telling “I already know this will end badly.”

Emotional reasoning “I feel unsafe, therefore I must be in danger.”

Overgeneralization “Everyone eventually betrays you.”

Personalization “They seem unhappy, so I must have done something wrong.”

Confirmation bias Looking mainly for evidence that supports what you already belive Magical thinking Believing that thoughts, rituals, or unrelated events directly cause outcomes without evidence of a causal connection.
False certainty Treating an assumption as an established fact.

Irrational thinking may not be necessarily “crazy”

Everyone engages in irrational thinking sometimes. Stress, anxiety, fear, anger, grief, trauma, sleep deprivation, and strong emotional states may make reasoning less flexible.

A useful distinction may be:

Thought…Interpretation…Belief…Action

For example:

“My friend hasn’t responded.”

“Something must be wrong.”

“They’re angry with me.”

“I should confront them.”

The initial fact is observable. The subsequent conclusions may or may not be accurate.

Rational thinking may ask different questions

Instead of asking:

“How do I feel about this?”

Rational thinking adds:

What do I actually know?

What am I assuming?

What evidence supports my interpretation?

What evidence contradicts it?

Are there alternative explanations?

Am I confusing possibility with probability?

What would change my mind?

Am I reacting to the present situation or to something from my past?

An important clinical distinction

Irrational thinking exists on a continuum. Ordinary cognitive distortions are different from severely impaired reality testing.

For example:

Cognitive distortion: “My boss didn’t smile at me, so maybe she’s upset with me.”

versus

Fixed false belief: “My boss is secretly transmitting messages into my mind through the office lights.”

The second example raises a substantially different clinical question because the belief involves reality testing, evidence evaluation, and potentially delusional conviction.

A useful principle is:

A thought may feel true without being factually true.

That distinction between subjective certainty and objective evidence is central to rational thinking, critical thinking, and psychological reality testing.

Shervan K Shahhian

The Illogical Mind; the Reasoning Contains a Flaw:

The Illogical Mind could be a way of describing thinking that reaches conclusions that may not follow reliably from the available evidence or reasoning. It may not mean a person is unintelligent. Some may think illogically under stress, fear, strong emotion, social pressure, or uncertainty.

Common forms of illogical thinking

Pattern	What happens	Example
Emotional reasoning	Feelings are treated as facts	“I feel unsafe, therefore I am unsafe.”
Confirmation bias	Evidence supporting a belief is noticed more than contradictory evidence	“I knew this would happen; look at this one example.”
Black and white thinking	Complex situations become two extremes	“Either I’m successful or I’m a failure.”
Catastrophizing	A possible negative outcome becomes an assumed disaster	“If I make this mistake, everything will be ruined.”
Overgeneralization	One event becomes a broad rule	“They rejected me, so nobody likes me.”
Mind reading	Another person’s thoughts are assumed without evidence	“She didn’t say hello because she dislikes me.”
Post hoc reasoning	Sequence is mistaken for causation	“I thought about the storm, and then it happened, so my thought caused it.”
Magical thinking	Thoughts, rituals, or symbols are treated as directly influencing external events without adequate evidence	“If I don’t perform this ritual, something bad will happen.”
Appeal to authority	A claim is accepted primarily because an authority says it	“It must be true because an expert said it.”
Self-deception	Information threatening one’s preferred belief is avoided or distorted	“I don’t have a problem; everyone else is overreacting.”

Illogical may not necessarily mean irrational

There could be an important distinction:

Illogical thinking: the reasoning contains a flaw.

Irrational thinking: the belief or behavior is poorly supported by evidence, disproportionately driven by emotion, or inconsistent with the person’s goals.

A person may have an understandable reason for an irrational conclusion. For example:

“I’ve been betrayed several times, so I assume everyone will eventually betray me.”

The conclusion may be understandable given the person’s history, but the evidence doesn’t necessarily justify applying it to everyone.

The logical mind vs. the illogical mind

A useful conceptual distinction is:

Logical mind:

“What evidence supports this? What evidence contradicts it? Are there alternative explanations?”

Illogical mind:

“It feels true, therefore it must be true.”

The goal may not be to eliminate emotion. A psychologically healthy person may use emotion as information while using reason and evidence to evaluate what the emotion means.

A powerful question

When you notice an intense belief, ask:

“What do I know, what do I believe, what do I feel, and what am I assuming?”

That separates reality, interpretation, emotion, and inference, one of the foundations of good critical thinking.

Shervan K Shahhian

A Collective Culture; Family, Community, Nation, or Social Movement,…

A Collective Culture may be a system in which people tend to understand themselves partly through their relationships and membership in a larger group, such as a family, community, religious tradition, ethnic group, workplace, nation, or social movement.

Key features may include:

Group identity: “Who we are” is important alongside individual identity.
Shared values: The group develops ideas about what is right, important, honorable, or acceptable.
Social norms: Members learn expected ways of behaving.
Conformity and belonging: Maintaining harmony and group cohesion may be emphasized.
Reciprocity: Helping family or community members may be considered a social responsibility.
Authority and tradition: Elders, institutions, customs, or traditions may carry significant influence.
Collective meaning making: Events may be interpreted through shared stories, beliefs, and cultural frameworks.

Individualistic vs. collective orientation

Individual oriented	Collective oriented
“What do I want?”	“What is best for us?”
Personal autonomy	Relational responsibility
Individual achievement	Group/family achievement
Self-expression	Social harmony
Personal choice	Shared expectations
Independent identity	Interdependent identity

These may be dimensions rather than rigid categories. Most people and cultures contain both individualistic and collective elements.

Psychological importance

Collective culture may provide belonging, identity, social support, meaning, and resilience. However, strong group expectations may sometimes create pressure to conform, fear of rejection, suppressed individuality, or intergenerational conflict.

A useful psychological question could be:

“Is this belief genuinely my own, or have I absorbed it from the collective around me?”

That question may not mean the collective belief is wrong. It encourages metacognition examining where our beliefs came from and deciding consciously which ones we want to retain.

Collective culture vs. Collective delusion

These may be very different concepts:

Collective culture: shared beliefs and practices that organize a group’s life.

Collective delusion: a situation in which a group develops or reinforces a significantly false belief despite evidence contradicting it. Social reinforcement, misinformation, authority influence, fear, and groupthink can contribute.

So, understanding collective cultures could be essential in understanding how individuals and groups mutually shape one another’s perception of reality, identity, values, and behavior.

Shervan K Shahhian

“The Greatest University is the University of Trial and Error, by Shervan K Shahhian.”

“The Greatest University is the University of Trial and Error, by Shervan K Shahhian.” is a possible metaphor for the idea that some of life’s deepest learning comes from. Mistakes or bad experiences rather than instruction alone.

Why?

1. . Mistakes turns information into knowledge. You may read about swimming your whole life, but actually getting into the water teaches you things a book may never fully convey.

2. Mistakes provide feedback. When things doesn’t workout they way we expected, but if we receive feedback about what needs to change. Failure becomes a form of learning.

3. Trial and error may develop judgment. Repeated mistakes and bad experiences might help us recognize patterns: What may work? What doesn’t work? When should we persist? When should we change directions?

4. . Mistakes may develop resilience. Learning that mistakes and bad experience’s are survivable at times, they may reduce the fear of being wrong. We may become more willing to experiment?, learn, adapt, and try again.

5. . Mistakes may promote metacognition. After bad experiences, you may ask yourself:

What just happened?
What things did I assume?
What things did I get wrong?
What things did I learn from it?
What things will I do differently next time?

That may turn mistakes and bad experiences into wisdom.

But there may be an important qualification

Trial and error may not automatically promote good learning. Repeating the same mistake without reflection is simply repetition.

A more accurate formula may be:

Experience...feedback…reflection…adjustment...new experience…learning

So the “University of Trial and Error, by Shervan K Shahhian” is really the University of Experience, Feedback, Learning and Adaptation.

In psychological terms, this may closely be related to experiential learning: We may learn by acting, observing the consequences, reflecting on what happened, and it may modify our future behavior.

And perhaps the most important lesson may be:

Mistakes may not necessarily evidence that we failed; it may be evidence that our current strategy needs updating, improving and changing.

“The Greatest University is the University of Trial and Error, by Shervan K Shahhian.”

Shervan K Shahhian

AI-Induced Psychosis is not yet a formally established diagnosis:

If someone is experiencing rapidly worsening psychosis, dangerous behavior, inability to care for themselves, or thoughts of harming themselves or someone else, prompt professional or emergency evaluation is appropriate.

AI-induced psychosis is not yet a formally established diagnosis. The term is increasingly used to describe situations in which interaction with an AI system may contribute to, amplify, or reinforce psychotic like thinking or severe loss of reality testing, particularly in vulnerable individuals.

How it may happen:

AI systems may potentially become part of a person’s belief system in several ways:

Reinforcement of unusual beliefs: An AI may inadvertently validate a user’s interpretation rather than challenge it.
Anthropomorphism: The person may begin experiencing the AI as a conscious being, spiritual entity, persecutor, romantic partner, or special guide.
Delusional elaboration: Extended conversations may provide increasingly elaborate explanations for coincidences, surveillance, hidden messages, or supernatural experiences.
Confirmation loops: The person asks increasingly leading questions and receives responses that appear to confirm the original premise.
Sleep deprivation and excessive use: Prolonged late night interaction may worsen vulnerability to paranoia, mania, dissociation, and psychosis.
Mania or psychosis: Someone already developing a manic or psychotic episode may incorporate AI generated material into grandiose, paranoid, religious, or persecutory beliefs.

An important distinction

AI generally may not be described as literally “causing schizophrenia.” A more clinically defensible formulation could be:

AI interaction may act as a precipitating, amplifying, or maintaining factor in psychotic symptoms in susceptible individuals.

The underlying vulnerability may involve psychiatric illness, sleep deprivation, substance use, trauma, “neurological conditions: consult with a Neurologist”, severe stress, or other factors.

A particularly important phenomenon: the AI reality validation loop

One concerning pattern looks like this:

Unusual experience…interpretation...AI confirmation…increased conviction…additional searching…more “evidence”…stronger conviction

For example, someone might say:

“I think the government is communicating with me through coincidences.”

A poorly calibrated AI might respond in a way that treats the premise as established fact. The user may be then interpret the AI’s response as independent confirmation, even though the AI is actually generating language rather than independently verifying the claim.

This could be why epistemic humility and reality testing are especially important when discussing paranoia, voices, supernatural experiences, UAPs, telepathy, or other anomalous phenomena.

Clinical perspective

A clinician should neither automatically dismiss an unusual experience nor automatically affirm its proposed explanation, right away.

A useful approach could be:

Validate the experience without automatically validating the interpretation.

For example:

“I can see that this experience feels very real and significant to you. Let’s examine what you experienced, what explanations are possible, and what evidence would distinguish among them.”

That approach is compatible with both mental health consulting and responsible exploration of anomalous experiences. It preserves curiosity without sacrificing reality testing.

Possible warning signs:

AI interaction may become particularly concerning when someone develops:

increasing certainty about an implausible belief
severe paranoia or perceived persecution
belief that AI is secretly communicating with them
belief that AI has supernatural powers or consciousness specifically directed toward them
escalating grandiosity or claims of a special mission
hearing/seeing things associated with AI-generated interpretations
markedly reduced need for sleep
disorganized thinking or behavior
withdrawal from ordinary relationships and responsibilities

The emerging concept of AI induced or AI amplified psychosis is therefore best understood as a clinical and technological phenomenon under investigation, rather than a new established psychotic disorder.

Shervan K Shahhian

People who knew us in our youth may never see us for who we are today, but Why?

There could be a powerful psychological reason for this: people may often carry an outdated mental representation of us.

Someone who knew you when you were young may unconsciously continue to see you through the identity you had at that time, or the identity they think you in the past, even when decades have passed and even when decades have of growth have changed you.

Why this happens

1. Their memory freezes a version of you.

When people know us during our formative years, their memories become organized around that period. We may be 50, 60, or 70 today, but to them, we may still feel like the teenager, the young adult, the shy person, the rebellious person, the joker or the person who was not serious back then.

2. They confuse familiarity with knowing.

Knowing someone form a long time ago, doesn’t necessarily mean knowing who they have become. They may know your past better than your present.

3. They have an established a false “schema” for you.

In mental health, a schema may be a mental framework through which we interpret information. Once someone has formed a strong schema, “That’s just who they are”, they tend to notice information that confirms it and overlook evidence that contradicts it.

4. Your growth may be uncomfortable for them.

If you have changed substantially, your development may challenge their own narrative about you. Accepting that you’ve become more confident, knowledgeable, independent, emotionally mature, or accomplished may require them to revise their understanding of the past.

5. They remember your role in the old relationship, years ago.

This is especially important. People don’t only remember you; they remember who they were in relation to you. If you were the younger sibling, playful friend, joker, classmate, or just a quite person, they may unconsciously continue interacting with that version of you.

6. They may not have witnessed your transformation.

Personal development is usually gradual and happens privately. You experienced thousands of small changes, new experiences, failures, insights, relationships, education, losses, accomplishments, and choices. Someone who hasn’t been present for those changes doesn’t have the same evidence you have.

The interesting part

Sometimes strangers may see us more accurately than people who knew us decades ago.

A new person encounters who you are now. They don’t have to reconcile your present identity with an old mental picture.

An old acquaintance may unconsciously think:

“I know who you are.”

A newer person may be more open to:

“Let me discover who you are.”

And that distinction may be profound.

You don’t necessarily need their recognition

One of the psychologically liberating realizations of adulthood is:

You are not obligated to remain psychologically consistent with the person someone remembers from a long time ago.

You may say, internally:

“You knew me then. You don’t necessarily know me now.”

Their memory of your past “may” explain your past?, but it will not define your present.

And sometimes the people who knew us in our youth are actually Refusing To See Our Growth, or they simply don’t have enough current information to update their mental picture of us, or Their jealousy and competitiveness prevent them from seeing how much we have grown.

Shervan K Shahhian

Age Affirming Beliefs (AAB) are healthy ways of thinking that challenge ageism:

Age Affirming Beliefs could be healthy ways of thinking that challenge ageism, self-stereotyping, and the idea that getting older automatically means becoming less capable, valuable, attractive, or relevant.

Great Age Affirming Beliefs

My age is part of my story, not a limitation on my future.
Getting older does not diminish my worth.
I may continue to learn, grow, and change throughout my life.
My experience is an asset, not a burden.
I don’t have to compete with younger people to have value.
There is no expiration date on curiosity, creativity, or personal growth.
I am allowed to discover new interests at any age.
My wisdom may coexist with openness to new ideas.
I may be both experienced and still learning.
My life may not have to look like anyone else’s timeline.
I don’t need to apologize for my age.
Growing older may not be the same thing as becoming irrelevant.
I may redefine what aging means to me.
My appearance may not determine my worth at any age.
I deserve respect regardless of my age.
I may remain socially connected, engaged, and purposeful as I age.
It may never be too late to begin something meaningful.
I may adapt to change without losing who I am.
My past experiences may inform my future without controlling it.
I may appreciate what my younger self accomplished without wishing to become that person again.
I may not have to hide my age to be valued.
Age may bring perspective, depth, resilience, and self-knowledge.
I may take care of my changing needs without seeing those changes as personal failure.
I am more than my age, my appearance, my productivity, or my abilities.
Every stage of life has its own possibilities.
I WILL ALWAYS TAKE CARE OF MY HEALTH, REGARDLESS OF MY AGE!

A particularly powerful one

“I am not aging out of life; I am continuing to live it.”

And perhaps the deepest age-affirming belief:

“My value is inherent. I do not have to remain young to remain worthy.”

These beliefs may be especially useful for countering internalized ageism, when negative cultural messages about aging become part of a person’s own self-image.

Shervan K Shahhian

Internalized Ageism could be when a person absorbs negative stereotypes:

Internalized Ageism could be when a person absorbs negative stereotypes, assumptions, or prejudices about aging and older people and then applies those beliefs to themselves.

In simple terms: society’s negative messages about aging become part of your own self-image.

Common examples

A person may think:

“I’m too old to learn something new.”
“People won’t value me because I’m older.”
“I shouldn’t try to change my appearance anymore.”
“My best years are behind me.”
“I’m becoming useless.”
“Older people aren’t attractive.”
“I shouldn’t need help, I should be able to keep up with younger people.”
“It’s normal for me to be ignored or treated as less important because of my age.”

How it can develop

Internalized ageism may be developed through repeated exposure to:

Media portraying youth as more desirable or valuable
Workplace discrimination
Family or social attitudes toward aging
Cultural emphasis on youth and physical appearance
Repeated jokes or derogatory comments about older people
Experiences of being dismissed or stereotyped because of age

Over time, these external messages may become internal beliefs and self-judgments.

Psychological effects

Internalized ageism may contribute to:

Lower self-esteem and self-worth
Shame about getting older
Anxiety about aging
Body dissatisfaction
Social withdrawal
Reduced confidence and self-efficacy
Feeling less competent or relevant
Avoiding activities because of assumptions about what is “appropriate” for one’s age
Greater vulnerability to depressive thinking

One particularly important mechanism is self-fulfilling prophecy:

if someone believes aging necessarily means cognitive or physical decline, they may stop challenging themselves, become less active, or withdraw socially, potentially reinforcing the very decline they fear.

Internalized ageism vs. ordinary awareness of aging

Being aware that aging may involve genuine physical or cognitive changes isn’t automatically ageism.

The distinction is whether someone turns a realistic limitation into a global negative judgment about their worth or potential.

“I may need more time to learn this than I used to.”, Realistic self-awareness.

“I’m too old to learn this.”, Potential internalized ageism.

A healthier alternative

The goal may not be to deny aging. It’s to develop age affirming beliefs:

“I am aging, but aging does not determine my worth, intelligence, usefulness, attractiveness, or capacity for growth.”

This may connect closely with self-compassion, self-efficacy, age acceptance, and healthy identity development across the lifespan.

Shervan K Shahhian