Uncategorized – Page 2 – LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

The Madman Theory is a political and psychological strategy:

The Madman Theory is a political and psychological strategy in which a leader deliberately creates the impression that they are unpredictable, irrational, or willing to take extreme actions. The goal may be to make opponents fearful of the consequences of challenging them, hoping those opponents will back down or make concessions.

In simple terms: “Make your opponent believe you might do something extreme, so they become more cautious when dealing with you.”

How the Madman Theory works

1. Create uncertainty

The leader makes statements or takes actions that leave opponents unsure about what will happen next.

2. Increase perceived risk

Opponents may begin to consider the possibility that the leader might take extreme measures.

3. Influence decisions

Opponents may change their behavior, negotiate, or make concessions to avoid a potentially costly confrontation.

Example:

The intended effect could be to use uncertainty about a person’s willingness to take risks as leverage in international negotiations. Whether this strategy actually may produce the desired concessions debatable.

Could the Madman Theory work in everyday life?

The same general psychological principle may appear in negotiations, business, and interpersonal relationships, although these are analogies rather than the original political strategy.

Situation	How it might appear
Business negotiation	A negotiator cultivates a reputation for being difficult to predict.
Workplace conflict	Someone makes extreme threats to pressure colleagues into compliance.
Personal relationships	A person behaves unpredictably to make others afraid of upsetting them.
International diplomacy	A leader signals that the cost of confrontation could be exceptionally high.

The psychology behind the theory

The Madman Theory may draw on several psychological concepts:

Uncertainty: People may become more cautious when they cannot predict another person’s behavior.
Risk perception: Even a small possibility of a severe consequence may influence decisions.
Intimidation: Fear may pressure people into concessions.
Strategic ambiguity: Deliberately leaving intentions unclear may create negotiating leverage.

However, unpredictability may not be the same as strength. The strategy may backfire if opponents interpret threats as bluffs, respond with their own escalation, or lose trust in the person making them.

Madman Theory versus emotional intelligence

Madman approach

“Keep others uncertain about what I might do so they hesitate to challenge me.”

Emotionally intelligent approach

“Remain calm, establish clear boundaries, anticipate consequences, and make deliberate decisions.”

The second approach may generally more sustainable in everyday relationships because it builds credibility without relying on fear or manufactured instability.

The central lesson: The Madman Theory is about using the perception of extreme unpredictability as leverage, not necessarily about actually being irrational or mentally ill. Its historical use by certain politician which may be documented, although its effectiveness remains disputed?

Shervan K Shahhian

A Functioning Therapist generally refers to a mental health professional:

The Central Principle: A functioning therapist may not have to be a perfect human being.

A Functioning Therapist generally refers to a mental health professional who may be able to perform their professional duties effectively, maintain appropriate boundaries, make sound clinical judgments, and provide responsible care to clients.

However, “functioning therapist” may not be a standard, formally defined clinical title. The meaning may depend on the context in which it is used.

What makes a therapist a functioning therapist?

1. Emotionally regulated

The therapist may manage personal emotions, stress, frustration, and reactions without allowing them to interfere excessively with treatment.

2. Clinically competent

The therapist may assess clients, develop appropriate treatment plans, recognize risk factors, and make informed clinical decisions within their scope of practice.

3. Ethical and professional

The therapist respects confidentiality, maintains appropriate boundaries, obtains informed consent, and recognizes when consultation or referral is necessary.

4. Empathetic and objective

The therapist listens without unnecessary judgment, recognizes personal biases, and avoids imposing personal beliefs or values on clients.

5. Self-aware and adaptable

The therapist recognizes countertransference, learns from mistakes, seeks supervision when needed, and adjusts treatment to the client’s changing needs.

What about a therapist who is functioning but struggling personally?

A therapist may experience anxiety, grief, depression, relationship problems, or professional burnout and still provide effective treatment.

Having personal difficulties may not automatically make someone an incompetent therapist. The important question may be whether those difficulties impair the therapist’s judgment, professional performance, or ability to protect clients.

Three related concepts

1-Concept

A-Meaning

B-Functioning therapist

A general description of a therapist who is performing their role adequately.

Effective therapist

A therapist whose approach helps clients make meaningful therapeutic progress.

Impaired therapist

A therapist whose personal, psychological, medical, or other difficulties interfere with competent professional practice.

The central principle: A functioning therapist may not have to be a perfect human being. They must be sufficiently self-aware, competent, emotionally regulated, and ethical to provide appropriate care.

Shervan K Shahhian

Pilots’ Mental Health, not only to Protect Pilots Themselves, but also to Promote Passenger Safety:

A useful principle may be: Protect the Pilot’s Mental Health, Preserve Professional Dignity, and Never Compromise Flight Safety.

Greater attention needs to be given to pilots’ mental health, not only to protect pilots themselves, but also to promote passenger safety, crew well being, and public confidence in aviation.

Pilots work in an unusually demanding environment. They may face chronic fatigue, irregular schedules, pressure to perform, long periods away from family, and the responsibility of making critical decisions while operating complex aircraft.

The key is to recognize mental health as an essential component of aviation safety, just as physical health, technical competence, and ongoing training are.

Why pilots’ mental health deserves greater attention

1. Stress and decision making

High stress may affect concentration, judgment, emotional regulation, and the ability to respond effectively to unexpected events.

2. Fatigue and sleep disruption

Early departures, overnight flights, jet lag, and rotating schedules may impair attention and reaction time. Fatigue management is both a mental health concern and a direct safety issue.

3. Depression, anxiety, and burnout

Like other professionals, pilots may experience depression, anxiety, grief, family difficulties, and occupational burnout. These concerns deserve timely, confidential, appropriate care.

4. Stigma and fear of career consequences

Pilots may hesitate to disclose psychological difficulties if they fear losing their medical certification, income, or career. That fear may discourage early treatment and allow manageable problems to become more serious.

What should be improved?

Prioritize six practical measures:

Confidential mental health support: Make it easier for pilots to access qualified professionals without unnecessary fear of career consequences, while maintaining appropriate aviation safety reporting.
Routine well being assessments: Assess stress, sleep, fatigue, burnout, and psychological functioning not merely the presence or absence of a diagnosis.
Accessible peer support programs: Train pilots to recognize warning signs and encourage colleagues to seek help early.
Fair medical certification procedures: Make decisions individualized, evidence based, timely, and proportionate to actual safety risks, please consult with a qulified Medical Doctor and Psychiatrist.
Better working conditions: Address excessive fatigue, scheduling pressures, isolation, and inadequate recovery time.
Clear fitness to fly protocols: Ensure pilots may step away from flying when significantly impaired and receive appropriate assessment and support before returning.

There are already steps taken in this direction, including expanding guidance on certain mental health treatments and supporting pilot peer programs. Important governmental institutions have already acknowledged that fear of career and financial consequences that may discourage pilots from disclosing mental health issues.

The essential balance

Mental illness may not automatically be equated with dangerousness or professional incompetence. Equally, genuine impairment that could compromise flight safety must be taken seriously.

The goal is early identification, appropriate treatment, fair assessment, and safety focused decisions, not stigma, concealment, or blanket disqualification.

In Mental Health terms, aviation needs a culture in which seeking help is considered a sign of responsible self-awareness rather than personal weakness.

A useful principle may be: Protect the Pilot’s Mental Health, Preserve Professional Dignity, and Never Compromise Flight Safety.

Shervan K Shahhian

A Mobile Crisis Clinician is a Mental Health Professional:

A Mobile Crisis Clinician is a mental health professional who goes to the person experiencing a psychiatric or behavioral health crisis, rather than requiring the person to come to a clinic or emergency department.

What may the mobile crisis clinicians do?

They typically respond to situations involving:

Suicidal thoughts or behavior

Psychosis, paranoia, or severe disorganization

Severe anxiety, panic, or emotional dysregulation

Aggression or escalating behavioral crises

Substance use and abuse related psychiatric crises

Severe depression or mania

People experiencing homelessness or otherwise unable to access traditional services

Family or caregiver crises involving mental illness

Their goal is generally crisis stabilization and the least restrictive appropriate intervention, not automatically hospitalization.

What happens during a mobile crisis response?

A clinician may:

Establish safety and rapport

Conduct a mental status examination

Assess suicide, violence, self neglect, and grave disability risks

Evaluate substance use, medications, medical issues, and environmental factors

Determine whether the situation can be safely managed in the community

Develop a crisis/safety plan

Connect the person with outpatient, substance use, housing, or other services

Coordinate with family, law enforcement, EMS, hospitals, or existing providers when appropriate

Arrange follow up or stabilization services

When legally justified, facilitate an emergency psychiatric evaluation or hospitalization

Who may be a mobile crisis clinician?

Depending on the program and jurisdiction, the team may include:

Licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs)

Marriage and family therapists (LMFTs)

Licensed professional clinical counselors (LPCCs)

Licenced Clinical Psychologists (LPSYD, LPHD)

Psychiatric nurses

Other qualified behavioral health clinicians

Peer support specialists

Case managers

Often, the clinician may work as part of a multidisciplinary mobile crisis team, sometimes alongside a peer specialist or medical professional.

Mobile crisis vs. 988 vs. 911

These are related but different:

Service	Primary function
988	Crisis counseling, assessment, support, and connection to resources
Mobile Crisis Team	Goes into the community to assess and stabilize a person
911/EMS	Emergency response when there is an immediate medical, safety, or life threatening emergency
Emergency Department	Medical/psychiatric evaluation and treatment when a higher level of care is needed

In California, mobile crisis services may also intersect with 5150 evaluations, but a mobile crisis clinician may or may not automatically place someone on a 5150 simply because the person is experiencing a psychiatric crisis. The statutory criteria and the clinician’s authority/designation matter.

An important distinction

A mobile crisis clinician may essentially a mental health professional bringing crisis intervention to the person, rather than waiting for the person to enter the mental health system voluntarily.

The underlying philosophy is often:

Engage…Assess…Stabilize…Determine the least restrictive safe intervention…Connect to continuing care.

For someone interested in crisis services, 988, 5150/5250, CIT, and forensic mental health, mobile crisis work sits at the intersection of clinical assessment, crisis intervention, risk management, legal/ethical decision making, and community behavioral health.

Shervan K Shahhian

Collective Guilt could be the feeling of guilt experienced by a group of people:

Collective Guilt could be the feeling of guilt experienced by a group of people because they identify themselves with, belong to, or feel connected to a larger group that is perceived to have caused harm.

Simple definition

Collective guilt: “My group did something wrong, and I feel some responsibility or moral discomfort because I am part of that group.”

Importantly, collective guilt msy not necessarily mean personal guilt. A person may feel collective guilt even though they personally did nothing wrong.

Examples

National: A person feels guilt about atrocities committed by their country in the past.

Religious: Someone feels responsible for harmful actions historically committed in the name of their religion.

Organizational: Employees feel guilty about unethical conduct by their company, even though they weren’t involved.

Family: A family member feels responsible or ashamed because another family member harmed someone.

Social group: A person feels guilt because members of their broader social group have discriminated against another group.

Collective guilt vs. Individual guilt

Individual guilt Collective guilt

“I harmed someone.” “My group harmed someone.”

Based on one’s own behavior Based on group identification

Usually involves personal responsibility May exist without personal responsibility

May motivate personal repair May motivate collective repair or reconciliation

When collective guilt is healthy

Collective guilt may become constructive when it leads to:

Recognition…responsibility…repair…prevention

For example, acknowledging historical wrongdoing, learning from it, supporting victims, and helping prevent similar behavior in the future.

When it becomes unhealthy

Collective guilt may become psychologically problematic when someone assumes personal moral responsibility for something they did not do, particularly when it produces:

excessive shame

self-punishment

chronic helplessness

resentment

identity based shame

compulsive attempts to “make up” for something

hostility toward members of another group

difficulty distinguishing historical responsibility from personal responsibility

A useful psychological distinction may:

“I am connected to this history” is not the same as “I personally caused this harm.”

Collective guilt vs. Collective shame

This distinction is particularly important.

Collective guilt:

“Our group did something wrong.”

Collective shame:

“Our group is fundamentally bad.”

Guilt tends to focus on behavior and may therefore motivate corrective action. Shame focuses more on identity and may produce defensiveness, withdrawal, humiliation, or hostility.

There may be a related concept called collective responsibility, which asks a different question: Even if I didn’t personally cause the harm, do I have some responsibility now to help address its consequences?

That distinction, personal guilt…collective guilt…collective responsibility…collective shame, is especially useful when examining historical trauma, politics, religion, racism, nationalism, family systems, and group conflict.

Shervan K Shahhian

Be Prepared for Every Scenario Without Overreacting could be a useful principle of balanced preparedness:

A good motto could be:

“Prepare for possibilities, assess probabilities, respond proportionately and Legally.”

Be prepared, not paranoid

It means:

Anticipate possibilities without assuming they will happen.
Prepare for risks without becoming consumed by them.
Notice warning signs without interpreting every unusual event as a threat.
Have a plan B without constantly expecting the worst.
Stay alert while remaining emotionally regulated.
Respond to evidence, rather than reacting to fear or imagination.
Adapt when circumstances change instead of rigidly following a predetermined plan.

A simple formula could be:

Awareness…Preparation…Observation…Proportionate Response

The key distinction could be, possibility versus probability.

Something may be possible without being probable. Good preparation acknowledges the possibility while allowing the available evidence to determine how much attention and action it deserves.

The balanced mindset

Underprepared:

“Nothing will happen, so I don’t need to think about it.”

Overreactive:

“Something could happen, therefore something bad is probably happening.”

Prepared:

“Something could happen. I’ll make a reasonable plan, stay observant, and respond if there is evidence that action is necessary.”

This connects closely with pattern recognition versus pattern seeking: the goal may not be to see danger everywhere; it’s to recognize meaningful patterns while remaining willing to say, “I don’t have enough evidence yet.”

A good motto is:

“Prepare for possibilities, assess probabilities, respond proportionately and Legally.”

Shervan K Shahhian

Be prepared, not paranoid may be a useful principle for navigating uncertainty:

Be prepared, not paranoid may be a useful principle for navigating uncertainty: take reasonable precautions without allowing fear to turn possibilities into certainties.

Preparedness vs. Paranoia

Preparedness	Paranoia
“What could realistically go wrong?”	“Something is definitely going to happen.”
Looks at evidence and probabilities	Treats suspicion as evidence
Makes a reasonable plan	Constantly searches for threats
Maintains flexibility	Becomes increasingly rigid or fearful
Takes action, then moves on	Repeatedly checks, researches, or reassures
Accepts uncertainty	Needs certainty before feeling safe
“I have a backup plan.”	“I must stay on guard.”

A practical formula could be:

Notice…Assess…Prepare…Act…Let go.

Notice: Recognize a potential problem.
Assess: Ask, “What evidence do I actually have?”
Prepare: Take proportionate precautions.
Act: Do what is reasonably within your control.
Let go: Don’t continue monitoring after the situation has been adequately addressed.

For example:

Prepared: “I’m traveling alone, so I’ll tell someone my itinerary, keep my phone charged, and have emergency contacts available.”

Paranoid: “Because something bad could happen, I need to constantly monitor everyone around me and assume strangers may be targeting me.”

The deeper psychological principle

The goal may not be zero fear. It’s calibrated vigilance

Healthy vigilance asks:

“What does the evidence justify me doing?”

Anxiety driven vigilance asks:

“What if my worst interpretation is true?”

That distinction is particularly important when dealing with ambiguous or unusual experiences. An experience may feel significant or threatening without automatically establishing what caused it. You may take the experience seriously while remaining uncertain about its explanation.

A good mental rule could be:

Prepare for possibilities; don’t promote possibilities to probabilities without evidence.

Or even more simply:

“Respect the possibility. Verify the reality. Respond proportionately.”

That is the middle ground between naïveté and hypervigilance.

Be prepared for every scenario without over reacting.

Shervan K Shahhian

Pattern Recognition are the ability to notice meaningful relationships, repetitions, structures, or connections:

Pattern Recognition are the ability to notice meaningful relationships, repetitions, structures, or connections among information and use them to understand what are happening or predict what may happen next.

It could be one of the mind’s fundamental sensemaking abilities.

Examples

Social: Recognizing that someone repeatedly becomes defensive when receiving criticism.
Emotional: Noticing that anxiety tends to increase after particular situations.
Clinical: Recognizing a recurring cluster of symptoms that may suggest a particular psychological condition.
Behavioral: Seeing a repeated cycle of conflict…withdrawal…reconciliation…conflict.
Financial: Identifying recurring patterns in a company’s revenue, debt, or stock behavior.
Learning: Recognizing the underlying rule behind several examples rather than memorizing each example.
Parapsychology: Noticing recurring features across reports of unusual or anomalous experiences while distinguishing a recurring observation from proof of its cause.

Strong pattern recognition involves

Observation: noticing relevant details.
Comparison: identifying similarities and differences.
Categorization: grouping related information.
Association: connecting events that may be related.
Abstraction: seeing the underlying structure rather than individual details.
Prediction: using the pattern to anticipate what comes next.
Verification: checking whether the perceived pattern actually holds up.

Pattern recognition may be both powerful and dangerous

The mind could be extremely good at finding patterns, even when a pattern may not be actually there.

This creates an important distinction:

Pattern recognition asks, “What seems to be repeating?

“Critical thinking asks, “Is the pattern real, meaningful, and causally related?”

For example, seeing that two unusual events occurred close together are pattern detection. Determining whether one caused the other requires additional evidence.

Pattern recognition vs. Intuition

They overlap, but aren’t identical.

Pattern recognition: “I’ve seen this configuration before; these elements tend to occur together.”

Intuition: “Something about this situation feels significant, even though I can’t yet explain why.”

Experienced professionals may develop remarkably sophisticated pattern recognition because they have accumulated many examples. A clinician, for example, may recognize a familiar interpersonal or behavioral pattern very quickly without initially being able to articulate every step of the reasoning.

The major problem: false patterns

Humans may experience:

Apophenia: perceiving meaningful connections among unrelated things.
Confirmation bias: noticing evidence that supports an existing belief while overlooking contradictory evidence.
Availability bias: giving excessive weight to memorable examples.
Clustering illusion: interpreting random clusters as meaningful patterns.
Hindsight bias: believing an outcome was more predictable after it occurred.

Therefore, excellent pattern recognition requires excellent error correction.

A sophisticated pattern recognizer doesn’t merely ask:

“What pattern do I see?”

They also ask:

“What evidence would convince me that I’m wrong?”

That second question is what helps distinguish genuine pattern recognition from pattern seeking.

Shervan K Shahhian

Narcissistic Gang Stalking may not be a formal psychiatric term:

Narcissistic Gang Stalking may not a formal psychiatric. It is a phrase sometimes used to describe a perceived pattern in which a person believes that a narcissistic individual or a group influenced by that person is deliberately coordinating harassment, intimidation, surveillance, social exclusion, or reputation attacks against them.

How the concept may be usually described

A person using this term may describe:

Smear campaigns: spreading damaging stories or accusations about someone.

Triangulation: recruiting other people into an interpersonal conflict.

Flying monkeys: a popular term for people allegedly enlisted to support or enforce the narcissistic person’s agenda.

Social isolation: encouraging friends, relatives, coworkers, or community members to distance themselves.

Intimidation: repeated hostile interactions, threats, or provocative behavior.

Digital harassment: unwanted messages, online impersonation, monitoring, or coordinated social media activity.

Provocation: repeatedly doing things intended to elicit an emotional reaction.

The important distinction

There could be two separate questions that may not be automatically collapsed into one:

1-Is there objectively verifiable harassment or coordinated behavior?

2-Is the interpretation of apparently connected events accurate?

Real coordinated harassment may occur. At the same time, when someone is under prolonged stress, trauma, interpersonal conflict, or hypervigilance, may cause sever psychological and some medical issues: the victim(s) should consult with a medical doctor and a therapist.

A psychologically careful approach may therefore:

Validate the person’s distress without automatically validating an unverified explanation for it.

For example, instead of saying “Yes, the narcissist has organized people to stalk you,” a clinician might say:

“It sounds frightening and exhausting to feel that multiple people may be targeting you. Let’s separate what you directly observed from what you believe those observations mean, and look for independently verifiable evidence.”

Narcissistic abuse vs. “Gang stalking”

There could be useful conceptual distinction:

Narcissistic/interpersonal abuse	Alleged coordinated stalking
Can be objectively documented	May be difficult to independently verify
Often involves identifiable relationships	May involve strangers or loosely connected people
Smearing, manipulation, intimidation, triangulation	Surveillance, following, coordinated harassment
Can occur without a large conspiracy	Requires actual coordination if the claim is literal
Established concepts in psychology	“Gang stalking” is not a recognized psychiatric diagnosis

From a clinical perspective, hypervigilance, trauma responses, confirmation bias, threat perception, and pattern recognition may all influence how ambiguous events are interpreted. That may not mean that every report of harassment is imaginary; it means the evidence needs to be evaluated independently of the interpretation.

If there are concrete threats, stalking behaviors, property damage, or identifiable harassment, the appropriate response is to document specific observable events, preserve evidence, establish safety, and use appropriate legal and law enforcement channels rather than trying to prove a broad theory of coordination by yourself.

Be ready to Legally defend yourself, your family and your property.

Shervan K Shahhian

Parapsychology and Quantum Physics may often be discussed together:

Parapsychology and Quantum Physics may often be discussed together because both raise questions about the nature of observation, consciousness, information, and reality, but the connection could be speculative than established.

What quantum physics actually establishes

Quantum mechanics describes matter and energy at microscopic scales. Some of its well established features may be:

Superposition: quantum systems may be described as combinations of possible states.

Entanglement: separated quantum systems may exhibit correlations that may not be explained by simple classical local variables.

Measurement: measurement affects the quantum state being measured.

Quantum indeterminacy: some individual outcomes are fundamentally probabilistic.

Nonlocal correlations: entangled particles may display correlations across distance, although this may not allow ordinary faster than light communication.

Some of these findings may demonstrate telepathy, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, or survival of consciousness after death.

Where parapsychology enters

Parapsychology investigates purported anomalous phenomena such as:

ESP

telepathy

clairvoyance

precognition

Psychokinesis (PK)

influence of physical systems by intention

Survival related phenomena

near death experiences

apparitions

mediumship

terminal lucidity

reincarnation type memories

The interesting question is whether some of these phenomena could eventually require a non-classical theory of information or consciousness.

That is a legitimate research question, but it remains an open question depends who you ask?

The “quantum consciousness” idea

A common hypothesis may be:

Consciousness may have properties that may not be completely explained by classical neuroscience and might involve quantum processes.

There are several very different versions of this idea.

Some theories concern quantum processes inside the mind. Others go much further and propose that consciousness is somehow fundamental to reality itself.

The latter connects with philosophical positions such as:

panpsychism

dual aspect monism

idealism

information based theories of consciousness

But these philosophical possibilities may not be confused with experimentally established quantum physics.

The measurement problem may be particularly interesting

Quantum mechanics raises a profound question:

What exactly constitutes a measurement?

Some interpretations historically encouraged the idea that conscious observation causes quantum collapse.

However, modern physics may not require a conscious human observer for quantum measurement/decoherence. A physical interaction with an environment or measuring apparatus may produce the relevant effects.

So:

“Observation” in quantum physics vs necessarily “a human mind looking at something.”

That could be a distinction when evaluating parapsychological claims.

Could quantum physics explain psi?

There are several possibilities one could investigate scientifically:

Hypothesis

Current status

Psi is entirely classical

Possible

Psi involves unknown biological mechanisms

Possible

Psi involves quantum processes in the mind

Speculative

Psi involves quantum information outside the mind

Highly speculative

Consciousness is a fundamental property of reality

Philosophically serious, scientifically unresolved

Quantum entanglement explains telepathy

some established evidence

Quantum physics proves ESP

some established evidence

Quantum physics proves survival after death

some established evidence

A particularly interesting distinction

There could be three different questions that frequently get mixed together:

A. Quantum biology:

Do quantum phenomena play important roles in living organisms?

B. Quantum consciousness:

Are quantum processes necessary for explaining consciousness?

C. Quantum parapsychology:

Could quantum processes help explain anomalous information transfer or mind matter interactions?

A has substantial scientific evidence.

B is actively debated.

C remains highly speculative and controversial.

Where parapsychology gets especially interesting

From a parapsychological perspective, the deepest question may not be necessarily:

“Is ESP caused by quantum mechanics?”

It may instead be:

“Does consciousness have properties that our current physical theories may not adequately describe?”

That may be a much more scientifically defensible question.

For example, if exceptionally well controlled experiments eventually demonstrated reliable information transfer without conventional sensory channels, physicists would have to determine what physical mechanism could account for it. Quantum theory might become relevant but it may not automatically be the explanation.

A useful conceptual model

You may think of the relationship this way:

Quantum physics…provides a radically non-classical picture of physical reality

Consciousness research…asks how subjective experience arises

Parapsychology…investigates claims that consciousness may sometimes obtain information or influence events beyond conventional sensory/motor pathways

Quantum parapsychology…asks whether quantum principles could provide part of the missing theoretical framework?

That last step is a hypothesis, may be or may not be a demonstrated fact.

Shervan K Shahhian