health – LIBERTY PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Psychopathological Hallucinations, an explanation:

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Psychopathological hallucinations could be perceptions that occur without an external stimulus and might be associated with mental or neurological disorders. The person experiences them as real sensory events even though nothing in the environment is producing them.

In clinical psychology and psychiatry, hallucinations could be considered a disturbance in perception rather than imagination or fantasy.

Key Characteristics

Psychopathological hallucinations typically might have several features:

No external stimulus
The perception occurs without a real sensory trigger.
Experienced as real
The person usually believes the perception is genuine.
Involuntary
They cannot be easily controlled or stopped.
Often linked to mental or neurological conditions

Types of Psychopathological Hallucinations

1. Auditory Hallucinations

The most common form.

Examples:

Hearing voices talking
Voices commenting on behavior
Voices giving commands

Possibly associated with

Schizophrenia
severe mood disorders

2. Visual Hallucinations

Seeing things that are not present.

Examples:

people
animals
lights or shapes

It could be associated with:

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Delirium
Parkinson’s Disease
neurological damage

3. Tactile Hallucinations

Feeling sensations on the body without cause.

Examples:

insects crawling on the skin
burning sensations

Could be linked to:

Substance Use Disorder
withdrawal states

4. Olfactory Hallucinations

Smelling odors that are not present.

Examples:

burning smells
rotting odors

Sometimes associated with:

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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
brain tumors

5. Gustatory Hallucinations

Tasting something when nothing is in the mouth.

Examples:

metallic taste
poison-like taste

These are rare but may occur with neurological conditions.

Causes

Psychopathological hallucinations can arise from several mechanisms:

Psychiatric disorders

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Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder (with psychotic features)

Neurological conditions

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Epilepsy
Parkinson’s Disease
brain injury

Substances

drugs (LSD, stimulants)
alcohol withdrawal

Extreme stress or sleep deprivation might cause it?

Psychopathology vs Other Hallucination Types

In Parapsychology and anomalous experiences, it’s important to note the distinction researchers often make.

Clinical psychology usually interprets hallucinations as symptoms of pathology.

However, parapsychology researchers studying bereavement visions or anomalous experiences sometimes debate whether all such experiences are pathological.

For example:

Parapsychology researchers may examine veridical perceptions in certain cases.
Clinical psychiatry generally explains them through psychopathology.
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In short:
Psychopathological hallucinations are sensory experiences without external stimuli caused by psychological or neurological disorders.

Shervan K Shahhian

Telepathic Hallucinations, explained:

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Telepathic hallucinations is a term sometimes used in clinical psychology and psychiatry to describe an experience in which a person believes they are receiving thoughts, messages, or communications telepathically, but the experience is interpreted clinically as a hallucinatory or delusional perception rather than actual telepathy.

It sits at the intersection of hallucinations, delusional beliefs, and anomalous experiences.

1. Clinical Psychology Definition

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In mainstream psychiatry, telepathic hallucinations usually fall under auditory or thought-related hallucinations combined with delusions of telepathy.

Typical features include:

Believing someone is sending thoughts into one’s mind
Feeling that others can hear or read one’s thoughts
Perceiving silent messages without sensory input
Interpreting internal thoughts as coming from another person

These experiences can occur in disorders such as:

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Schizophrenia
Schizoaffective Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Severe stress or trauma

Psychiatrists often classify them under passivity experiences or thought interference. CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST

2. Types of Telepathic-Like Experiences in Psychiatry

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Thought Insertion

The person believes thoughts are placed into their mind by someone else.

Thought Broadcasting

The belief that one’s thoughts are being transmitted to others.

Thought Withdrawal

The feeling that someone is removing thoughts from the mind.

3. Psychological Mechanism (Clinical Explanation)

Psychologists explain these experiences through disruptions in self-monitoring of thoughts.

Normally the brain tags thoughts as self-generated.
In certain conditions, this mechanism fails, leading to:

Internal thoughts perceived as external
Inner speech mistaken for communication
Misattribution of mental events

Brain regions involved often include: CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST

the temporal lobes
the default mode network
language areas involved in inner speech

4. Parapsychology Perspective

Researchers distinguish between:

1. Psychopathological hallucinations

Mental health conditions producing telepathic beliefs.

2. Misinterpreted anomalous cognition

A genuine psi experience interpreted incorrectly.

3. Psi-mediated information

Some parapsychologists propose that telepathic impressions may occur but be filtered through imagination or dreams.

Researchers suggest that some experiences labeled hallucinations could involve psi processes mixed with normal cognition.

This idea overlaps with the Super-Psi model you asked about earlier.

5. Distinguishing Telepathic Hallucinations from Other Experiences

Feature	Psychiatric Hallucination	Anomalous Experience (Parapsychology)
Control	Uncontrollable	Often spontaneous but meaningful
Emotional tone	Distressing or intrusive	Neutral or meaningful
Consistency	Disorganized	Sometimes coherent
Functioning	Often impaired	Usually preserved

However, most clinicians default to the psychiatric explanation unless strong evidence suggests otherwise. CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST

In summary:
Telepathic hallucinations refer to perceived mental communications that feel telepathic but are interpreted clinically as hallucinations or delusional beliefs, often due to misattribution of internal thoughts.

Shervan K Shahhian

Stress-Induced Dissociated Behavior, explained:

Stress-Induced Dissociated Behavior might refer to dissociative symptoms or behaviors that emerge when a person is overwhelmed by acute or chronic stress.

The nervous system could shift into a protective survival mode when fight-or-flight isn’t enough.

What Is Dissociation?

Dissociation is a disruption in the normal integration of:

Awareness
Memory
Identity
Emotion
Perception
Body sensation

It could exist on a spectrum, from mild spacing out to more severe fragmentation.

How Stress Triggers Dissociation

When stress becomes overwhelming, especially if it feels inescapable, unpredictable, or threatening — the nervous system may shift from:

Fight-or-flight: sympathetic activation to
Freeze / shutdown: parasympathetic dorsal vagal dominance

This shutdown response could produce dissociative phenomena.

From a trauma framework dissociation could be understood as a survival adaptation when active defense fails.

Common Stress-Induced Dissociative Behaviors

1. Depersonalization

Feeling detached from oneself

“I feel like I’m watching myself.”
Emotional numbness
Robotic functioning

2. Derealization

Feeling detached from surroundings

World feels unreal, foggy, dreamlike
Sensory distortions

3. Dissociative Amnesia

Memory gaps during stressful events
“I don’t remember parts of what happened.”

4. Behavioral Auto-Pilot

Functioning competently but with reduced awareness
Emotional disconnection while performing tasks

5. Identity Shifts Under Stress

Sudden personality changes
Childlike states under overwhelm
Regression patterns

Neurobiological View

Under extreme stress:

Amygdala: hyperactivation, CONSULT A NEUROLOGIST
Prefrontal cortex: reduced regulation, CONSULT A NEUROLOGIST
Hippocampus: memory fragmentation, CONSULT A NEUROLOGIST
Opioid system: emotional numbing, CONSULT A NEUROLOGIST

This creates a protective analgesic state, emotional and sometimes physical.

Acute vs. Chronic Patterns

Acute stress dissociation

During accidents
During conflict
During panic episodes

Chronic stress dissociation

Trauma history
Attachment disruptions
Prolonged relational threat
Complex trauma patterns

Chronic forms may evolve into clinical conditions such as:

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Why the System Does This

Dissociation is adaptive when:

The threat cannot be escaped
The person cannot fight
Emotional pain is overwhelming

It might reduce subjective suffering, but long term it impairs integration and embodied presence.

Clinical Markers to Watch For

Flat affect during intense material
Sudden cognitive fog
Rapid shifts in eye focus
Voice tone change
Time distortion reports
Memory inconsistencies

Treatment Considerations

Nervous system regulation (bottom-up) CONSULT A NEUROLOGIST
Somatic grounding
Trauma processing (carefully titrated)
Attachment repair
Strengthening executive functioning before deep trauma work

Premature trauma exposure without stabilization might increases dissociation.

Shervan K Shahhian

Tactile Hallucinations, explained:

Tactile hallucinations (also called haptic hallucinations) are false sensations of touch that occur without any external physical stimulus. A person genuinely feels something on or under their skin even though nothing is actually there.

In clinical psychology and psychiatry, tactile hallucinations might be classified as a type of somatic sensory hallucination.

Common Types of Tactile Hallucinations

People may report sensations such as:

• Bugs crawling on the skin (called formication)
• Something touching or tapping the body
• Burning or electric sensations
• Pressure or being grabbed
• Feeling something moving under the skin
• Water dripping or wind blowing on the skin

The experience can feel extremely real because the brain’s sensory cortex is producing the perception.

Conditions Associated With Tactile Hallucinations

In clinical contexts they may appear in several conditions:

1. Psychiatric Disorders

Common in:

Schizophrenia
Delusional Parasitosis
Severe Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features

2. Substance Use or Withdrawal

Tactile hallucinations might occur during intoxication or withdrawal from substances such as:

Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Alcohol (especially during withdrawal or delirium tremens)

3. Neurological Conditions

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They might also occur in neurological disorders

Psychological vs Neurological Mechanism

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From a neuroscience perspective, CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST, tactile hallucinations are thought to involve abnormal activation of the somatosensory cortex, the brain area responsible for touch perception.

Normally:

Stimulus: skin receptors: brain: touch perception, CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST

In hallucinations:

Brain activity: perceived touch without stimulus, CONSULT WITH A NEUROLOGIST

Parapsychology Perspective

Some researchers have suggested other interpretations in certain anomalous experiences.

Some investigators discussed the possibility that certain tactile sensations in spontaneous cases might involve psychokinetic or psi-related processes, although this remains controversial and not widely accepted in mainstream science.

In the Super-Psi / Living Agent Psi model, unusual physical sensations might theoretically be produced unconsciously by psi processes rather than external spirits.

Key Point:
Tactile hallucinations are perceptions of touch without a physical cause, and they can arise from psychiatric, neurological, substance-related, or occasionally anomalous experiential contexts.

Shervan K Shahhian

Biopsychosocial Model, explained:

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The Biopsychosocial Model is a framework used in medicine, psychology, and behavioral science to understand health, illness, and human behavior as the result of three interacting systems: biological, psychological, and social factors.

Core Idea

The model proposes that no illness or psychological condition has a single cause. Instead, it emerges from the interaction of multiple layers of influence.

1. Biological Factors

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Physical and physiological processes in the body.

Examples:

Genetics
Brain chemistry and neurobiology
Hormones
Physical injury or disease
Sleep and nutrition

Example:
Depression may involve serotonin imbalance, genetics, or inflammation.

2. Psychological Factors

Mental and emotional processes that influence behavior and health.

Examples:

Thoughts and beliefs
Personality traits
Coping skills
Trauma history
Stress perception

Example:
Two people with the same illness may respond very differently depending on their beliefs, coping style, or resilience.

3. Social Factors

Environmental and cultural influences affecting a person.

Examples:

Family relationships
Culture and religion
Socioeconomic status
Social support
Life events

Example:
Strong social support can improve recovery from illness, while isolation can worsen outcomes.

Simple Example

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Consider chronic pain:

Dimension	Example
Biological	Nerve injury or inflammation
Psychological	Catastrophic thinking about pain
Social	Work stress or lack of support

All three together shape the severity and persistence of pain.

Why It Is Important

The model changed modern healthcare by encouraging holistic treatment.

Instead of only medication, treatment may include:

Medical care, CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST
Psychotherapy
Lifestyle changes
Social support interventions

This model could be strongly influenced fields like:

Health Psychology
Behavioral Medicine, CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST
Psychosomatic Medicine, CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST

Some Example in Grief and Anomalous Experiences

For example:

Level	Possible Influence
Biological	Sleep disruption, stress hormones
Psychological	Attachment to the deceased
Social	Cultural beliefs about the afterlife

Clinical psychology might explain these experiences through grief-related cognition, while parapsychology might, sometimes explores survival or psi hypotheses.

In short:
The biopsychosocial model might see human experience as the product of body, mind, and society interacting together, rather than being caused by only one factor. CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST

Shervan K Shahhian

Demonic Psychosis, explained:

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“Demonic psychosis” is not a clinical diagnosis in psychiatry or psychology. It is a cultural, religious, or spiritual interpretation of a psychotic state, most often used in faith-based contexts to explain experiences that clinicians would classify as psychosis.

Below is a clear, layered explanation that distinguishes belief language from clinical reality.

1. How the term is used (non-clinical)

In religious or spiritual frameworks, “demonic psychosis” typically refers to a state in which a person is believed to be:

Influenced, oppressed, or possessed by a demonic entity
Hearing voices attributed to demons
Experiencing intrusive thoughts perceived as external evil forces
Exhibiting drastic personality, moral, or behavioral changes
Showing intense fear, paranoia, or religious preoccupation

This language appears in:

Certain Christian, etc. , and some folk-religious traditions
Deliverance or exorcism ministries
Cultural explanatory models where spirits explain illness

2. Clinical understanding (what psychology actually diagnoses)

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From a psychiatric standpoint, the experiences labeled “demonic psychosis” could be most commonly explained as psychotic disorders or states, such as:

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Bipolar disorder with psychotic features
Major depressive disorder with psychotic features
Brief psychotic disorder
Substance-induced psychosis
Trauma-related psychosis or dissociative psychosis

Core features of psychosis:

Hallucinations (often auditory voices)
Delusions (fixed false beliefs, including religious or persecutory themes)
Disorganized thinking or speech
Impaired reality testing

Importantly:
The content of psychosis is shaped by culture and belief.
A religious person may experience “demons,” while a secular person may experience “surveillance,” “AI,” or “aliens.”

3. Why the “demonic” framing can be harmful

Interpreting psychosis as demonic influence can:

Increase fear, shame, and stigma
Delay medical or psychological treatment
Worsen symptoms through reinforcement of delusions
Lead to coercive or abusive practices (e.g., forced exorcisms)

Research shows that how voices or experiences are interpreted strongly affects distress. A threatening supernatural explanation often worsens outcomes.

4. Trauma and dissociation often play a role

Many individuals labeled as “demonically afflicted” have:

Significant trauma histories
Dissociative symptoms
Intrusive inner voices or parts (not entities)
High suggestibility or absorption

Trauma can produce externalized inner experiences, which may feel alien, malevolent, or “not me.”

5. A balanced, culturally sensitive view

Modern psychology uses a biopsychosocial model:

Biological vulnerability
Psychological factors (trauma, stress, cognition)
Social and cultural meaning systems

Clinicians might aim to respect spiritual beliefs without validating interpretations that increase harm or impair reality testing.

6. Key takeaway

“Demonic psychosis” is a belief-based label for psychosis, not a medical condition.

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The experiences might be real and distressing.
The explanation of demons is cultural, symbolic, or theological rather than clinical.

Effective treatment might focuses on:

Safety
Stabilization
Trauma-informed care
Medication when appropriate CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST
Meaning-making that reduces fear rather than amplifies it
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Shervan K Shahhian

Understanding Grief Hallucination:

A grief hallucination (often called a bereavement hallucination or post-bereavement experience) is a sensory experience of a deceased loved one that occurs during the grieving process. These experiences are very common and usually not considered a sign of mental illness.

Psychologists and parapsychologists might refer to them as bereavement-related anomalous experiences.

Common Types of Grief Hallucinations

People may experience the deceased in different sensory ways:

1. Visual experiences

Briefly seeing the deceased person
Seeing them sitting in their usual place or walking by

2. Auditory experiences

Hearing their voice
Hearing them call your name

3. Sense of presence

Feeling strongly that the person is nearby

4. Tactile sensations

Feeling a touch or pressure on the bed or shoulder

5. Olfactory experiences

Smelling their perfume, cologne, or cigarette smoke

How Common Are They?

Research in bereavement psychology shows they are surprisingly frequent.

Studies suggest some of the grieving people might report at least one such experience.

These might occur across cultures and age groups.

How They Might Differ From Psychiatric Hallucinations

Some psychologists might distinguish grief experiences from disorders such as Schizophrenia.

Key differences:

Grief Hallucinations	Psychiatric Hallucinations
Occur after a loss	Occur without bereavement trigger
Usually brief and comforting	Often distressing or threatening
Person knows the loved one died	Often involves loss of reality testing
Do not disrupt daily functioning	Often impair functioning

Some grief hallucinations fade might naturally as the grieving process progresses.

Some Psychological Explanations

Modern grief psychology suggests several mechanisms:

1. Attachment system activation
The brain is still expecting the loved one to be present.

2. Memory integration
The mind is reorganizing emotional memories of the person.

3. Sensory expectation
The brain briefly “fills in” expected perceptions.

Parapsychology Perspective

It’s worth something that researchers in Parapsychology sometimes classify these as crisis apparitions or after-death communications (ADC).

Three interpretations could be often discussed:

Psychological grief process
Psi-mediated experiences (Super-Psi model)
Actual survival-related contact

The field does not claim certainty, but it studies the experiences seriously.

Important Clinical Point

In some cases, grief hallucinations are:

Normal
Transient
Part of healthy mourning

They only might become a concern if they:

Persist for long periods
Cause distress
Impair functioning
Occur with other psychiatric symptoms

Interesting fact:

Many bereavement researchers now consider these experiences part of “continuing bonds”, where the relationship with the deceased psychologically continues in a new form.

Shervan K Shahhian

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), an explanation:

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a psychological treatment that combines mindfulness meditation practices with principles from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). It could have been originally developed to help people prevent relapse in depression, but it could be also used for anxiety, stress, and emotional regulation.

Core Idea

MBCT teaches people to observe their thoughts and emotions without automatically reacting to them.

Instead of trying to change or fight thoughts, you learn to notice them as mental events, “just thoughts,” not facts.

Example:

Thought: “I’m a failure.”
Traditional reaction: Believe it and feel worse.
MBCT approach: “I notice my mind is producing a self-critical thought.”

This creates psychological distance from the inner critic.

Key Components

MBCT usually could run as an 8-week program with group sessions.

1. Mindfulness Meditation

Participants practice:

Breath awareness
Body scan meditation
Mindful walking
Mindful eating

These practices strengthen attention and awareness of the present moment.

2. Cognitive Awareness

People learn to notice:

automatic negative thoughts
self-critical inner dialogue
rumination patterns

This is especially relevant to depression relapse, where people often fall back into habitual thinking loops.

3. Decentering

One of the most important MBCT skills.

Decentering: seeing thoughts as mental events, not reality.

Example:
Instead of “This thought is true,” the shift becomes:

“I’m noticing that my mind is generating this thought.”

4. Breaking the Rumination Cycle

MBCT helps interrupt cycles like:

negative mood
self-critical thinking
rumination
worsening mood

Mindfulness interrupts the loop before it spirals.

Conditions MBCT Helps

Research shows benefits for:

recurrent major depression
anxiety disorders
chronic stress
trauma-related rumination
emotional dysregulation

Many studies show MBCT can reduce relapse in depression by ~40–50% in people with multiple past episodes.

A Simple MBCT Exercise

3-Minute Breathing Space

Awareness
Notice what is present: thoughts, feelings, body sensations.
Breathing
Focus attention on the breath.
Expanding
Expand awareness to the whole body.

This short practice is used to interrupt automatic negative thinking.

Possible Psychological Mechanism

MBCT could work through:

metacognitive awareness
reduced cognitive fusion
improved emotional regulation
decreased rumination

It could train the mind to move from “doing mode” to “being mode.”

Interesting Information

MBCT is interesting, because:

intense self-monitoring and inner criticism can suppress intuitive cognition
mindfulness reduces cognitive noise and evaluative filtering

Many researchers believe mindfulness increases open monitoring awareness, which may facilitate subtle perception and intuition.

Shervan K Shahhian

Intense Inner Criticism Might Block Intuitive Perception or Creative Cognition, why:

Intense inner criticism might block intuitive perception and creative cognition because it activates psychological processes that might interfere with the mental states required for intuition and creativity. Several mechanisms could be involved:

1. Threat Activation in the Brain

When the inner critic becomes harsh, the brain might interpret it as a threat.

Certain parts of the brain, might activate a stress response.
Stress hormones might (like cortisol) increase.
The mind might shift into defensive or survival mode.

This state might suppress the open, associative thinking needed for creativity and intuition.

2. Overactivation of the Analytical Mind

Intuition might to emerge from quiet, non-linear processing.

However, intense self-criticism might force excessive activity in the mind, particularly areas involved in:

self-monitoring
error detection
judgment

This produces hyper-analytical thinking, which might crowd out subtle intuitive signals.

3. Cognitive Load and Mental Noise

Harsh self-evaluation might create constant mental commentary:

“That idea is stupid.”
“You’re wrong.”
“You shouldn’t think that.”

This internal noise might interfere with spontaneous insights that arise from the Default Mode Network, a brain network that could be associated with imagination, internal reflection, and creative incubation.

4. Suppression of Psychological Safety

Creativity might require permission to explore imperfect ideas.

An intense inner critic:

punishes mistakes
discourages risk-taking
blocks experimentation

Without psychological safety, the mind might stop generating novel associations.

5. Reduced Access to Implicit Processing

Intuition could relay on implicit processing information that the brain has learned but cannot easily verbalize.

Harsh internal judgment disrupts this because it demands immediate logical proof, preventing intuitive impressions from surfacing.

6. Interruption of “Flow States”

Flow requires:

relaxed concentration
reduced self-consciousness
minimal self-judgment

The inner critic might do the opposite, it might increase self-conscious monitoring, which might break the flow state.

Psychological Summary

Intense inner criticism produces:

fear of error
hyper-analysis
cognitive overload
suppression of exploratory thinking

All of these block the mental conditions could be required for intuition and creativity.

A Useful Psychological Paradox

Many creative and intuitive breakthroughs occur after the mind relaxes—during:

meditation
daydreaming
walking
sleep transitions

These states quiet the inner critic, allowing deeper cognitive processes to emerge.

Shervan K Shahhian

Understanding Medical Trauma:

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Medical trauma is a psychological or emotional injury that might occur as a result of medical events, treatments, or interactions with healthcare systems. It happens when a medical experience is perceived by the person as threatening, overwhelming, painful, or out of their control.

It can possibly be closely related to trauma responses seen in conditions like Post‑Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Key Idea

Medical trauma may not only be about the illness or injury itself, it can also come from:

Fear of death or severe disability
Painful procedures
Loss of control or bodily autonomy
Feeling ignored, invalidated, or mistreated by medical staff
Prolonged hospitalization or intensive care

Some of the Common Possible Causes of Medical Trauma

Severe medical emergencies
- heart attack
- stroke
- major accidents
Invasive procedures
- surgeries
- intubation
- emergency interventions
Medical experiences
- repeated hospitalizations
- painful treatments
Birth complications
- traumatic labor
- emergency C-section
Chronic illness treatment
- long-term painful treatments like chemotherapy
Possible medical system experiences
- misdiagnosis
- medical neglect
- feeling powerless during treatment

Possible Psychological Symptoms

Some people with medical trauma may develop symptoms similar to PTSD:

Intrusive memories of hospital events
Nightmares about medical procedures
Avoidance of doctors and/or hospitals
Panic during medical appointments
Hypervigilance about bodily sensations
Dissociation during examinations

Possible Behavioral Signs

Examples include:

Avoiding necessary medical care
Anxiety before checkups
Refusing procedures
Extreme fear of needles or hospitals

Medical Trauma in Some

Some are especially vulnerable because they often:

don’t understand what is happening
cannot control procedures
may feel physically restrained during treatment

This possibly, can later lead to lifelong medical anxiety.

Related Psychological Fields

Medical trauma could be studied in areas like:

Health Psychology
Medical Psychology
Trauma Psychology
Behavioral Medicine

Treatment Approaches

Possible, Common treatments include:

Trauma-informed therapy
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Somatic therapies
Gradual exposure to medical settings
Psychoeducation

Clinical Perspective

Some psychologists might, now emphasize “trauma-informed care”, meaning healthcare providers are trained to understand that medical procedures themselves can become traumatic experiences for patients.

Possibly, some patients report near-death experiences, altered states, or anomalous perceptions during severe medical events. These experiences can interact with trauma processing in complex ways.

“CONSULT WITH A PSYCHIATRIST”

Shervan K Shahhian